硬质河岸和水体富营养化河道的综合治理技术:以柴桑河为例

将富营养水体治理与硬质河岸改造相结合,能够提高水体与河岸的交互能力,恢复河流生态系统的自净能力.以位于四川省天府新区眉山片区中心城区的柴桑河河段(长度1.5km,宽度80～100m,水深约1.85m)为例,通过铺设护岸专用基料、设置滴灌系统和播撒花草种子对硬质河岸进行生态重建,通过向水体中施用除磷剂、微生物菌剂及采用生态浮床、水车增氧等措施,降低了水体中的氮磷含量,利用太阳能为整个处理系统供能,实现了硬质河岸和富营养水体的综合治理.项目实施后,通过半年的监测和观察,结果表明:柴桑河水体中总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH3-N)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和总氮(TN)含量明显降低,TP和NH3-N由劣V类提升至地表水Ⅲ类,CODMn由劣V类提升至地表水Ⅳ类,TN由劣V类提升至地表水V类;河道内鱼类、藻类、水草的多样性增加,硬质河岸完全被植被覆盖,植物种类达数十种,自然景观恢复,河流生态自净功能显著增强,有利于使水体保持健康稳定.     

岛屿硬化集水面雨水弃流方案与分质收集策略研究

通过研究海南岛文昌市水泥屋顶和水泥路面上的雨水径流特征,建立了岛屿地区不同硬化集水面的雨水弃流方案和分质收集策略.在降雨初期,水泥路面和水泥屋顶均发生明显的冲刷效应,水泥路面雨水径流污染物浓度远高于水泥屋顶,且不同硬化集水面上前30%雨水中的污染物浓度均高于后70%的雨水.通过与相关水质指标对比得出,水泥屋顶雨水径流可作为饮用水水源,水泥路面雨水径流经处理可作为城市杂用水使用.通过建立雨水径流污染物累积-冲刷经验模型,可计算不同硬化集水面的弃流雨量,并以此为依据制定了弃流方案.以两种典型硬质化集水面径流污染物传输特征、水质特征和弃流方案为基础,分别提出了屋顶雨水收集方案和多种生态方法协同作用的路面雨水收集方案,可为岛屿地区的雨水收集利用方案提供参考依据.     

煤系高岭土及其快速悬浮煅烧工艺

我国煤系高岭石含量通常在95％以上，几乎不含长石和石英，但含有少量碳和有机质，此外还含少量铁和钛矿物杂质。煤系高岭土颜色为灰黑色，因而都需经过物理和化学除杂处理，调整化学组成，使其物化性质达到相应工业原料的国家标准。     

Adsorption characterizations of fulvic acid fractions onto kaolinite

Fulvic acids extracted from a typical rice-production region near Taihu Lake of China were fractionated into three fractions including F4. 8, F7. 0 and F11. 0(eluted by pH4. 8 buffer, pH 7. 0bufferandpH 11. 0buffer, respectively). Sorption of fulvic acid(FA)fractions onto kaolinite was studied by batch adsorption experiments, and characterizations of kaolinite before and after adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Adsorption isotherms of kaolinite for three FA fractions fit well with the Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorption density of the three fractions was positively correlated with the ratio of the amount of the alkyl carbon to that of carboxyl and carbonyl carbon in FA fractions and followed an order of F11. 0>F7. 0>F4.8.Hydrophobic interaction Was one of the control mechanisms for the sorption of FA fraction onto kaolinite. SEM images confirmed that compared to blank kaolinite samples, kaolinite samples coated by a FA fraction displayed an opener and more dispersed conformation resulting from the disruption of the floe structure in complex. Dispersion of kaolinite after adsorption was due to the repulsion between negatively charged FA. coated particles, which is closely related to the amount of FA fractions absorbed on kaolinite.