推进实现碳达峰碳中和的实践路径探析

推进碳达峰碳中和工作,是推动经济社会高质量发展的本质要求,党的二十大报告为我国今后实现碳达峰碳中和目标指明了方向。推进碳达峰碳中和工作是一项系统性工程：通过完善低碳政治制度、完善低碳市场制度、完善能源消费双控制度、建立人口均衡制度、建立资源节约制度、健全低碳法治体系,实现碳达峰碳中和的制度保障安排;通过突出碳技术创新、搭建碳技术实践平台、政府加大碳技术创新推广力度,实现碳达峰碳中和的科技创新实践;重视低碳文化引领、加强低碳文化生活养成、加强低碳文化产业养成、加强低碳文化行政养成,可实现碳达峰碳中和的文化养成。多边主义框架下的全球合作是解决气候问题的核心,世界各国应强化人类命运共同体的理念,共享降碳减排技术,互相监督,形成共识,应对全球环境危机。     

“六五环境日”国家主场活动碳中和实现路径浅析

梳理了国内大型活动碳中和相关政策及2017年以来“六五环境日”的低碳管理经验,并以2022年“六五环境日”国家主场为例,分享了低碳办会的思路与措施,介绍了以“减一点、捐一点、买一点、种一点”实现碳中和目标的路径及方式。通过计算发现,2022年度主会场活动人员食宿排放是整个活动的主要温室气体排放源,占81%,人员交通排放其次,占13%。将本次活动组织运行过程中发现的有效做法和良好案例进行总结提炼,为我国低碳会议的举办提供了“辽宁经验”。     

垃圾分类下焚烧与填埋处理过程及碳排放核算——以苏州市为例

在“碳达峰、碳中和”和垃圾分类的双重背景下,苏州市积极推进垃圾分类相关工作。其中垃圾焚烧发电产生碳减排,减排强度为276.25kg/t,减排总量为56585.01t;垃圾填埋处理碳减排过程为填埋气发电碳减排,填埋处理每吨垃圾减碳158.72 kg,减排总量为1778.65t。生活垃圾焚烧处理和填埋处理碳减排量较为显著。     

基于全生命周期的铁路行业碳达峰影响因素研究

基于全生命周期理论和铁路项目建设特点,将影响铁路行业碳排放的主要技术环节划分为规划设计、运营维护、相关配套3个阶段,对各阶段碳排放情况及主要影响因素进行分析,构建体现规划设计阶段对铁路全生命周期碳排放影响的计算模型,提出了铁路项目绿色低碳评分表,进而结合“双碳”目标的相关要求分析铁路行业碳达峰的影响因素。     

Mass transport model of ions within biofilms under the effect of external field

A mass transport model was developed to predict the transport rate of ions within biofilms, which was experimentally verified using the fluxes of NH4^＋ and Ca^2＋ through the heterotrophic biofilms with the thickness varying from 230 to 1430μm under the effect of external field in the range of-20 V/m to 60 V/m. It is found that the result predicted by the model is in agreement with the experimentally obtained one, with the error less than 5 percent for the thin biofilms. The error increases with the increase of the biofilm thickness. The transport rate of ions caused by electric migration is affected by the charges, field strength, and biofilm thickness and so on.     

Selective extraction and separation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L） ＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L） ＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.     

铁路企业开发碳资产项目分析

在概述国际和国内碳交易市场发展现状的基础上,从企业获取碳资产途径及开展碳交易基础方面分析企业碳资产开发。探讨铁路企业开展碳资产项目的必要性和可行性,认为国内统一碳市场发展为铁路开发碳资产创造条件、铁路系统具有巨大的碳资产开发潜力、铁路系统相关碳资产开发方法学已较为成熟、改革为铁路碳资产开发提供助力、技术革新为铁路碳资产开发提供支持,进而提出铁路企业开发碳资产项目需解决的问题及建议。