降雨──产流过程与氮、磷流失特征研究

以于桥水库流域为例,通过人工降雨模拟实验与天然降雨径流过程监测,对所获主要营养盐物质──氮、磷的监测数据进行归纳、分析、验证,得出氮、磷随径流过程的输出特征,变化趋势、共性与差异,以及主要影响因子对氮、磷流失的影响过程与原因分析,为水体富营养化的防治研究提供依据．     

Comparison of quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite for adsorptive removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution

The choice of substrates with high phosphorus adsorption capacity is vital for sustainable phosphorus removal from waste water in constructed wetlands. In this study, four substrates were used： quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite. These substrate samples were characterized by X- ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy studies for their mineral components （chemical components） and surface characteristics. The dynamic experimental results revealed the following ranking order for total phosphorus （TP） removal efficiency： anthracite 〉 biological ceramsite 〉 shale 〉 quartz sand. The adsorptive removal capacities for TP using anthracite, biological ceramsite, shale and quartz sand were 85.87, 81.44, 59.65, and 55.98 mg/kg, respectively. Phosphorus desorption was also studied to analyze the substrates＇ adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment as well as the substrates＇ ability to be reused for treatment. It was noted that the removal performance for the different forms of phosphorus was dependent on the nature of the substrate and the adsorption mechanism. A comparative analysis showed that the removal of particulate phosphorus was much easier using shale. Whereas anthracite had the highest soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） adsorptive capacity, biological ceramsite had the highest dissolved organic phosphorus （DOP） removal capacity. Phosphorus removal by shale and biological ceramsite was mainly through chemical adsorption, precipitation or biological adsorption. On the other hand, phosphorus removal through physical adsorption （electrostatic attraction or ion exchange） was dominant in anthracite and quartz sand.     

国家安全监管总局与电监会联合部署电力安全生产标准化工作

2011年9月,国家安全监管总局与电监会先后联合印发了《关于深入开展电力企业安全生产标准化工作的指导意见》和《发电企业安全生产标准化规范及达标评级标准》。     

3种覆盖材料对底泥磷释放的抑制及影响因素研究

采用试验的方法研究了建筑废料、天然沸石和自制陶粒对底泥磷释放的抑制作用。结果表明,在覆盖厚度为2 cm、温度为18~22℃的条件下,自制陶粒的抑制效果最好,天然沸石次之,建筑废料最差。天然沸石覆盖底泥后,在18~25℃范围内,温度越高,覆盖法抑制磷释放的效果越差。在第57 d,温度为25℃时,上覆水中总磷质量浓度为1.598 mg/L,而在室内水温(18~22℃)条件下,上覆水中总磷质量浓度为0.984 mg/L。覆盖层厚度越大,沸石粒径越小,控制底泥磷释放的效果越好。在温度为室温、粒径为3~5 mm的条件下,在第57 d,覆盖厚度为3 cm时,上覆水中总磷质量浓度为0.565 mg/L,而覆盖厚度为1 cm时,上覆水中总磷质量浓度为0.984 mg/L;粒径由3~5 mm减小到20~40目(0.42~0.83 mm),第32 d的上覆水中总磷质量浓度由2.80 mg/L降低到2.06 mg/L,第57 d的上覆水中总磷质量浓度由3.59 mg/L降低到2.64 mg/L。     

省安科院党建惠企再升级 联建发展出新招

2021年12月22日,省安全生产科学研究院应急所党支部来到张家港联合保税区安全环保局、苏州中远海运化工物流有限公司共同开展了“初心百分百·惠企面对面”暨保税区“亲清话坊”政企专场活动。积极推动党建共建新模式,依托“党建引领·安全同行”项目,切实推动党建业务相融合,不断提升党建促发展工作水平。     

化工储罐间距和体积对爆炸碎片多米诺效应概率的影响

化工储罐爆炸后将产生大量碎片,这些抛射碎片一旦击中相邻罐体容易引发多米诺效应。碎片的抛射方位和抛射距离具有很大的随机性,已有研究多采用概率模型来描述碎片抛射的各分过程。通过总结和发展已有的分过程模型,建立了求取多米诺效应的综合概率模型,并基于蒙特卡罗算法编制了模拟软件,可对化工储罐多米诺效应的发生概率进行预测计算。选取若干常用化工球罐为相邻目标储罐进行实例分析,计算结果表明储罐间距和体积是影响多米诺效应发生概率的两个重要影响因素：随着距离的增大,多米诺效应发生概率不断减小;目标储罐体积越大,多米诺效应发生概率将越大。其中,爆炸碎片对目标储罐的击中概率受上述因素的影响程度更大。该文工作对化工储罐区的安全评价具有一定的参考价值。     

北京东南化工区土壤有机氯农药污染特征和分布规律

采集北京原东南化工区表层土壤样品,测定了土壤有机氯农药(滴滴涕、六六六和六氯苯)残留浓度,结果表明化工区土壤有机氯农药浓度较高,滴滴涕和六六六平均浓度高达5470ng/g和2110ng/g,比一般农业和城市土壤中的浓度高出很多;某些点位甚至超过国家土壤三级标准,高浓度的点位主要集中在原农药厂的生产车间和存储点。六氯苯由于来源和挥发性跟滴滴涕和六六六不同,所以六氯苯残留在化工区土壤中的分布相对比较均匀。化工区土壤滴滴涕和六六六的异构体组成特征表明工业区土壤的有机氯农药降解速度较慢,滴滴涕残留来源于工业滴滴涕和三氯杀螨醇,而六六六主要来源于工业六六六。化工区的有机氯农药污染主要来自于原农药厂的生产和存储,重污染点位对周围化工厂的有机氯残留有一定的影响。由于高残留浓度和较低的降解速度,化工区土壤有机氯农药残留的环境风险值得进一步关注。     

生物除磷系统启动期聚磷菌的FISH原位分析与聚磷特性

应用FISH对以乙酸钠为碳源的强化生物除磷 (EBPR) SBR反应器启动期的微生物进行原位分析,考察除磷生态系统形成过程中聚磷菌种群结构、空间分布关系动态变化及其聚磷特性.结果表明,以异养菌为主的活性污泥经过厌氧/好氧驯化后,聚磷菌大量富集,在全菌中的比例由11.5%增加到40.48%.启动过程中,生物系统内菌群竞争持续进行：首先,聚磷菌淘汰异养菌,历时5 d;聚磷菌种群内选择过程历时19 d;经过优势聚磷菌群的二次增长后,共计34 d完成生物除磷系统的启动.富集过程中快速增殖的聚磷菌不能立刻行使除磷能力,要有一段“积累期”形成一定的PHA和poly-P储备.表现为污染物去除效率滞后于聚磷菌的增殖,经过4～8 d的 “积累期”后上升出现峰值.二次增长的优势聚磷菌群也经过“积累期”后才发挥作用.FISH图片显示,快速增殖期的聚磷菌菌体小,菌群结构松散.经过“积累期”之后,菌体不断增大,并开始紧密聚集形成致密的团状,此时反应器处理效率较高.     

Assessment on the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus of Beijing surface water based on GIS system and multivariate statistical approaches

This paper presented the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Beijing surface water during the survey. A significant difference was found out in concentration distribution of various parameters of nitrogen and phosphorus. Most water bodies in five water systems were polluted by total nitrogen with the content even up to 120 mg/L which was higher than exceeded the fifth class standard of national surface water quality standard GB3838-2002 except for several segments of Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe. Ammonia and phosphorus showed a similar tendency of distribution with higher content in Daqinghe, Beiyunhe and Jiyunhe water systems, but with relatively low concentrations in Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe water systems. Meanwhile, nitrate was found at comparatively low content (mostly less than 10 mg/L) and could fit for corresponding water quality requirements. Totally, the water quality of Daqinghe, Jiyunhe and Beiyunhe river systems as well as the lower reaches of Yongdinghe and Chaobaihe was contaminated seriously with high content of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Through multivariate statistical approaches, it can be concluded that total nitrogen, ammonia and total phosphorus was highly correlated to chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity,which explained the same pollution source from anthropogenic activities.     

游离附生假单胞菌对铜绿微囊蓝细菌中32P释放的影响

采用同位素示踪法，分析游离附生假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp-)对富集^32P的铜绿微囊蓝细菌(Microcystis aeruginosa)中磷释放的影响．研究结果表明：在微囊蓝细菌生长的延迟期和对数期．游离附生假单胞菌的加入抑制了微囊蓝细菌中^32P的释放，而对蓝细菌的生长没有明显的影响；在微囊蓝细菌生长的稳定期和衰减期，假单胞菌促进其蓝细菌细胞内^32P的释放，同时也加速微囊蓝细菌的衰亡．假单胞菌对微囊蓝细菌^32P释放的促进作用是由于自身的吸磷能力导致的．假单胞菌的吸磷量由假单胞菌生物量和细胞内磷浓度决定，假单胞菌在微囊蓝细菌的整个生长阶段生物量不断增加，而体内^32P浓度在开始阶段很低．直到微囊蓝细菌进入稳定期才达到相对稳定。