山东主要港口入境船舶压载水中细菌组成的等级聚类分析

对山东主要港口入境船舶压载水的细菌种类进行调查,获得了压载水样中致病菌的主要种类。采用等级聚类分析(hierarchical clustering analysis)方法将74个压载水样进行聚类,结果分别取0.7、0.81、1.12和1.15作为相异系数界值,当相异系数取0.70时,74个样本各自成为一类,因此最终分别取0.81、1.12、1.15为相异数界值划分类群。该方法直观表现了各样本之间的相似性程度。聚类树状图表明,压载水呈现依据装载地不同的地域性分布。     

海洋防污细菌的筛选与鉴定

海洋细菌具有防止污损生物幼虫变态、附着的能力。本文从海洋生物膜中分离纯化出8株细菌,采用平板法筛选出4株蛋白酶产生菌,其中725-1和725-4的生长情况及产蛋白酶性能最强;分别测定了725-1及725-4菌株的16S rRNA基因序列,分析了相关细菌相应序列的同源性,构建了系统发育树,结果表明:725-1为芽孢杆菌Bacillussp.,725-4为Aeromonas molluscorum。实验室内利用藤壶幼虫变态率抑制试验和贻贝足丝形成抑制试验确定株菌有良好的防污功能,725-4对藤壶腺介幼虫变态的的抑制率为76%,对贻贝足丝形成的抑制率达到100%。     

图书馆生物污染现状研究

在分析了图书馆生物污染原因的基础上,对部分馆舍的空气和纸质文献受生物污染状况进行了研究,结果表明:图书流通阅览室、期刊阅览室以及学生自习室的空气冬天比夏天细菌数量高,冬天全天平均细菌数量为8.9×104个/m3以上,而夏天则为6.0×104个/m3;典藏书库冬天全天平均细菌数量为5.2×104个/m3,夏天为6.3×104个/m3左右;纸质文献受微生物污染程度与借阅率基本上呈正比关系。     

类球红细菌利用混合底物光合产氢特性研究

研究了类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)利用有机酸和糖类作为混合底物的光合产氢特性。初步研究了6种有机酸和3种糖类的产氢活性,并选用具有最大底物转化效率的琥珀酸钠和最大平均产氢速率的葡萄糖混合进行光合产氢,对底物利用和pH变化对产氢影响进行了探索。结果表明,类球红细菌利用混合底物可提高平均产氢速率、底物转化效率和底物利用率,琥珀酸钠和葡萄糖按15/15(mmol/L)混合最大平均产氢速率达19.1mL/(L·h),底物转化效率和底物利用率分别提高了35.3%和13.3%。混合底物利用中的pH值调节和底物利用率提高是有利于类球红细菌的氢气产生提高的重要因素。     

光合细菌两段流化床处理鸡粪粪水的研究

光合细菌对高浓度有机废水具有较好的适应性和处理能力,特别是作为一个预处理工艺对后续污水处理可以产生重要的影响。鉴于光合细菌生长时间相对较长,为提高光合细菌对高浓度有机污水的处理效率,本研究利用光合细菌两段流化床反应器对鸡粪粪水进行降解。试验结果表明:经过60 d的启动运行后,反应器进入稳定状态,在进水pH值6.0,COD小于10000mg/L范围内,流化床水力停留时间(HRT)为48 h时,对废水COD去除率为88.10%,TN去除率为68.29%,NH3-N去除率为94.42%,NO3-N去除率为65.43%。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术对氨氧化细菌的研究

传统的PCR技术只能实现对核酸的定性检测而无法对其进行定量研究。随着分子生物学技术的发展,在传统PCR技术的基础上发展起来的实时荧光定量PCR技术实现了对核酸的定量研究。该技术是向常规PCR反应体系中加入荧光染料或荧光探针,通过监测PCR反应过程中荧光信号的变化来实现对核酸的定量。实时荧光定量PCR技术具有应用范围广、灵敏度高、操作简单、工作量低等特点,在医学和微生物学领域已广泛地应用于疾病诊断、病毒定量检测、微生物群落结构分析及演替规律的研究。文章综述了该项技术的原理、特点及其在环境氨氧化细菌研究中的应用,同时也指出了该技术存在的问题及其发展应用前景。     

Effcient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the e ciency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 g glucose/(cm2 day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Assessing the impact of fungicide enostroburin application on bacterial community in wheat phyllosphere

Fungicides have been used extensively for controlling fungal pathogens of plants. However, little is known regarding the effects that fungicides upon the indigenous bacterial communities within the plant phyllosphere. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of fungicide enostroburin upon bacterial communities in wheat phyllosphere. Culture-independent methodologies of 16S rDNA clone library and 16S rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were used for monitoring the change of bacterial community. The 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-DGGE analysis both confirmed the microbial community of wheat plant phyllosphere were predominantly of the γ-Proteobacteria phyla. Results from PCR-DGGE analysis indicated a significant change in bacterial community structure within the phyllosphere following fungicide enostroburin application. Bands sequenced within control cultures were predominantly of Pseudomonas genus, but those bands sequenced in the treated samples were predominantly strains of Pantoea genus and Pseudomonas genus. Of interest was the appearance of two DGGE bands following fungicide treatment, one of which had sequence similarities (98%) to Pantoea sp. which might be a competitor of plant pathogens. This study revealed the wheat phyllosphere bacterial community composition and a shift in the bacterial community following fungicide enostroburin application.     

3株溶藻细菌溶藻特性的初步研究

对3株溶藻细菌L7、L8和L18溶解水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae FACHB-245)的溶藻方式、溶藻活性代谢产物的溶藻特性进行了研究。3株菌都为间接溶藻,产生具有热稳定性的、对水华鱼腥藻有较强溶藻效果的活性代谢产物。L8的溶藻效果与藻液中投加溶藻活性代谢产物的浓度呈正相关。处于衰减期的L8,其溶藻活性代谢产物的溶藻效果好于对数生长期和稳定期。在不同pH值条件下进行溶藻实验,当pH值为8.5±0.1时,L7溶藻活性代谢产物的去除率达到85.78%;当pH值为10±0.2时,L8和L18溶藻活性代谢产物的去除率分别达到92.84%和78.72%;由7×108cells/mL的L8菌液获得的无菌滤液,当投加量<30%时,对水华鱼腥藻的生长具有促进作用。     

采油污水的电催化杀菌工艺及其作用机理

利用形稳阳极借助于电催化方法对油田污水中的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁细菌(FB)、腐生菌(TGB)进行杀菌实验研究,确定了最佳操作条件,并对杀菌机理作了初步探讨。结果表明,在电流密度30mA/cm2、极板间距2cm、pH值5.0下处理30min时三种细菌的杀菌率均达100%。通过对杀菌机理的初步探讨表明,在电催化过程中产生的活性氯对杀菌效果起主要作用。