Inactivation, reactivation and regrowth of indigenous bacteria in reclaimed water after chlorine disinfection of a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Disinfection of reclaimed water prior to reuse is important to prevent the transmission of pathogens. Chlorine is a widely utilized disinfectant and as such is a leading contender for disinfection of reclaimed water. To understand the risks of chlorination resulting from the potential selection of pathogenic bacteria, the inactivation, reactivation and regrowth rates of indigenous bacteria were investigated in reclaimed water after chlorine disinfection. Inactivation of total coliforms, Enterococcus and Salmonella showed linear correlations, with constants of 0.1384, 0.1624 and 0.057 L/(mg·min) and R² of 0.7617, 0.8316 and 0.845, respectively. However, inactivation of total viable cells by measurement of metabolic activity typically showed a linear correlation at lower chlorine dose (0-22 (mg·min)/L), and a trailing region with chlorine dose increasing from 22 to 69 (mg·min)/L. Reactivation and regrowth of bacteria were most likely to occur after exposure to lower chlorine doses, and extents of reactivation decreased gradually with increasing chlorine dose. In contrast to total coliforms and Enterococcus, Salmonella had a high level of regrowth and reactivation, and still had 2% regrowth even after chlorination of 69 (mg·min)/L and 24 hr storage. The bacterial compositions were also significantly altered by chlorination and storage of reclaimed water, and the ratio of Salmonella was significantly increased from 0.001% to 0.045% after chlorination of 69 (mg·min)/L and 24 hr storage. These trends indicated that chlorination contributes to the selection of chlorine-resistant pathogenic bacteria, and regrowth of pathogenic bacteria after chlorination in reclaimed water with a long retention time could threaten public health security during wastewater reuse.     

TGGE法对水源热泵水体中细菌种群多样性及动态变化的研究

采用TGGE(Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis)方法对水源热泵水体的细菌群落结构进行了分析,首先提取水体微生物的总DNA,扩增16S V3区片段,然后进行TGGE分析。TGGE图谱的初步分析结果表明,安康湖水样中的细菌丰富度较高。在空调制冷期,细菌群落结构波动较大;而在空调制热期,细菌群落结构波动较小,说明夏季空调制冷期对水体的影响较大。相似性及聚类分析表明,空调运行的持续时间的长短及运行负荷的大小决定热泵尾水排放所影响的水域范围,尤其是对取水口处的影响。序列分析结果显示,水体中细菌属于3大类群:变形杆菌(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌(Bacteroides)。     

Biodegradation of organochlorine pesticide endosulfan by bacterial strain Alcaligenes faecalis JBW4

The recently discovered endosulfan-degrading bacterial strain Alcaligenesfaecalis JBW4 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain is able to use endosulfan as a carbon and energy source. The optimal conditions for the growth of strain JBW4 and for biodegradation by this strain were identified, and the metabolic products of endosulfan degradation were studied in detail. The maximum level of endosulfan biodegradation by strain JBW4 was obtained using broth at an initial pH of 7.0, an incubation temperature of 40℃ and an endosulfan concentration of I00 mg/L. The concentration of endosulfan was determined by gas chromatography. Strain JBW4 was able to degrade 87.5% of α-endosulfan and 83.9% of β-endosulfan within 5 days. These degradation rates are much higher than the previously reported bacterial strains. Endosulfan diol and endosulfan lactone were the major metabolites detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; endosulfan sulfate, which is a persistent and toxic metabolite, was not detected. These results suggested that A. faecalis JBW4 degrades endosulfan via a non-oxidative pathway. The biodegradation of endosulfan by A. faecalis is reported for the first time. Additionally, the present study indicates that strain JBW4 may have potential for the biodegradation of endosulfan residues.     

单质硫冲击对含硫废水中硫细菌与聚糖菌竞争关系的影响

聚糖菌的富集会与硫循环耦合反硝化除磷系统(denitrifying sulfur conversion-associated enhanced biological phosphorous removal,DS-EBPR)内功能种群微生物——硫细菌发生竞争,从而导致除磷效果波动.因此,首先对母反应器中微生物进行了长期驯化,然后通过向批次实验小反应器中投加单质硫,研究单质硫短期冲击对含硫废水中硫细菌与聚糖菌竞争关系的影响.结果表明,经过长期驯化,在母反应器中发现了硫细菌与聚糖菌共存的现象;而短期冲击实验结果表明,在单个周期反应过程中,虽然单质硫的投加对微生物内源物质(聚羟基脂肪酸酯、糖原)转化量、氮磷去除效果影响不大,但其可以提高硫细菌的活性,增加硫转化量,使得硫细菌在与聚糖菌的竞争中取得优势地位.     

珠江广州河段沉积物中营养物质含量与细菌数量分布及其相关性

本文以富营养化程度较严重的河流珠江广州河段为研究对象,分析并比较了沉积物中碳、氮等营养物质的主要形态的垂向分布。此外,还采用DAPI荧光染色法测定了沉积物不同深度下细菌的数量,并对细菌数量和营养物质的垂向分布规律进行了相关分析。     

微观点

关键词：洗手液 洗手液因其方便卫生．已经逐渐代替肥皂，成为大家日常洗手必备的洗护用品不过，近期央视财经频道“部分公共场所提供的洗手液细菌超标600倍”的报道，着实让习惯用餐厅、商场等公共卫生间洗手液的市民们大吃一惊、     

对生态系统中分离获得的菌种进行优势种群测定的方法学…

两年内７次从同一个以杨木木屑为原料的厌氧发酵罐的高稀释度发酵淮中分离出一株中温纤维分解菌，即新种阿氏梭状芽孢杆菌。从细菌计数高且能反复分离获得这两个特点，可以断 这下阿氏梭状芽孢杆菌在该生态系统中曾是一个优势种群。经菌落及菌体形态学观察，以及用首次分离的菌株所作的多价抗血清酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ），确定了７次分离菌株为同一菌种，从而证实阿氏梭状芽孢杆菌在１９８６年９月至１９８８年８月间，曾是     

这些男孩怎么就站不隐了

“在农村,家里想生男孩的愿望特别强烈,但可怕的是,我们村多户人家生的男孩,到八九岁就不会站了,患病的人,不到20岁就死了。”福建省漳平县溪南镇下林村农妇林玉巧告诉记者:“我以前以为是村里风水不好,想嫁到象湖镇就可以摆脱厄运,没想到厄运随同我来到夫家,我唯一的儿子去年开始出现‘脚软’的症状……”家族5个男孩全得“怪病”昨天,记者乘车经过辗转的山路,从厦门出发坐车走了6个小时的山路后,来到下林村,在林玉巧家里看到了她8岁的儿子吴志锋。志锋妈妈告诉记     

面源污染诱导嘉陵江沉积物中细菌群落结构与功能异变

通过分析嘉陵江沉积物中细菌群落多样性变化,揭示面源污染对嘉陵江水环境的影响,为嘉陵江流域的环境保护与资源利用提供依据.于2020年12月在嘉陵江面源污染型支流的入江口采集非面源污染样品、面源污染样品和面源污染干扰样品这3种类型沉积物.利用高通量测序技术分析嘉陵江不同类型沉积物中细菌群落结构、多样性及功能类型.结果表明：嘉陵江不同类型沉积物的理化性质和细菌群落多样性均存在显著性差异(P<0.05).沉积物细菌的优势菌群为变形菌门,其次为蓝藻菌门、绿弯菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门(相对丰度>1%),面源污染导致蓝藻菌门显著减少,促进酸杆菌门显著增加(P<0.05).水解氮、总氮、有机碳和pH值为嘉陵江沉积物细菌群落变化的主要影响因子.沉积物细菌群落主要涉及到了细胞过程、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理和新陈代谢4类一级代谢功能,二级功能在全局及概要图、碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢和能量代谢等18类基因功能方面表现活跃,面源污染诱导了脂质代谢、外源生物降解与代谢、折叠、分类和降解和膜运输等主要二级功能发生异变(P<0.05).综上所述,面源污染造成沉积物细菌群落结构与功能发生变化...