絮体改质剂对清水剂处理油田含聚污水效果的影响

分别以胺基质子型离子液体(PIL)、非离子有机胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚(NAPPE)、增效氧化剂(AO)、低分子量阴离子聚合物(AP)为絮体改质剂,考察絮体改质剂对大分子聚季铵盐(CWC)清水剂处理海上油田含聚污水的絮凝效果及絮体性质的影响。实验结果表明:PIL和AO对絮凝速率、絮凝起效时间、絮体层厚度无影响,可部分改善絮体黏附性;NAPPE虽可有效改善絮体黏附性,但影响清水剂絮凝效果,絮凝速率;相比较而言,当AP加入量为100 mg/L、CWC加入量为300 mg/L时,AP对清水剂絮凝速率和絮凝起效时间影响小,且水色清澈,可有效避免黏性油泥问题。     

Purification and characterization of Al13 species in coagulant polyaluminum chloride

Nano-Al₁₃ was separated and purified by four methods to investigate its characteristic, and was analyzed by Al-Ferron timed complexation spectrophotometer,²⁷ Al-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Coagulation efficiency of nano-Al₁₃, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and AlCl₃ in synthetic water were also investigated by jar test. The dynamic process and aggregation state of kaolin suspensions coagulating with nano-Al₁₃, PAC, and AlCl₃ were also investigated. The experimental results indicated that the efficiency of gel column chromatography method was the highest for separating PAC solution with low Al concentration. Ethanol and acetone method was simple and could separated PAC solution with different Al concentrations, while silicon alkylation white block column chromatography method could separate PAC solution only with low Al concentration. The SO₄²−/Ba²⁺ displacement method could separate PAC solution with high Al concentration, but extra inorganic cation and anion could be introduced into the solution during the separation. The coagulation efficiency and dynamic experimental results showed that nano- Al₁₃ with a high positive-charged species was the main species of electric neutralization in coagulation process, and it could reduce the turbidity and increase the effective particles collision rate efficiently in coagulation process. Its coagulation speed and the particle size of coagulant formed were of greatest value in this study.     

宽域灰色聚类法在青海省大气环境质量评价中的应用

利用宽域灰色聚类法对青海省海北铝厂周围大气环境质量进行了评价,该法以等斜率方式构造白化函数,拓宽了白化函数中污染物的取值范围,提高了信息利用率。评价结果能同时给出各评价点所属的污染级别和它们之间环境质量的优劣。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的合成

氨甲基聚丙烯酰胺，是一种性能良好的阳离子型高分子有机絮凝剂，对污水具有较强的絮凝，助凝和污凝脱水能力。本文研究了它的合成方法，并对合成条件进行了探讨，用所得产品进行了剖份试验，效果良好。     

灰色聚类法评价并分析乌市大气污染状况

应用灰色聚类法对乌市大气质量进行了全面评价，指出乌市大气质量属三级（污染级）。大气污染是人为和地理环境等造成的。     

模糊数学在四川省自然灾害区划中的应用

本文通过对四川省自然灾害分布规律的系统分析,提出其区划的原则和要求,并引入模糊聚类的方法,对四川省自然灾害进行分区划片,目的是为区域规划提供减灾的重点方向。     

绵阳市城区空气优化布点的模糊聚类分析

本文介绍了通过硫酸盐化速率测定,运用模糊聚类分析,进行空气中SO_2监测布点优化研究的方法。     

微波法复合絮凝剂PAFC-PAM的制备及脱色性能

研究了以三氯化铝,三氯化铁和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺为原料,在微波辐照下制备PAFC-PAM复合絮凝剂的工艺条件,探讨了pH值、复合絮凝剂投加量对活性染料模拟废水脱色率的影响,并考察了其对实际印染废水的处理效果。结果表明:在PAM/PAFC质量比为0.25、微波合成功率150W、微波时间3min制得的复合絮凝剂,浊度去除率为98.8%。在pH=8,投加量为42mg/L的最佳絮凝条件下,复合絮凝剂对模拟染料废水脱色率高达97%。与PAFC和PAM相比,PAFC-PAM具有较宽的pH适宜范围和较低的投加量且对实际印染废水的处理效果优于PAFC和PAM。     

聚环氧琥珀酸(钠)的合成及阻垢性能研究

以马来酸酐为原料,铬酸钾为催化剂合成了聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA),并在聚合初期和产物溶液中加入蒙脱土以除去C(rⅥ),研究了催化剂用量、蒙脱土加入量及不同外界条件下对产物阻碳酸钙性能的影响。结果表明,以钨酸钠和铬酸钾为催化剂合成的PESA具有相同的结构和相近的阻垢性,它们在高钙离子浓度、高温水系统中长时间停留对碳酸钙仍有较强的抑制作用,该工艺得到的样品C(rⅥ)含量<0.50mg/L,达到国家标准。     

蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺杂化絮凝剂制备及絮凝性能研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)的阳离子交换反应制得有机化蒙脱土(O-MMT),通过硝酸铈铵引发丙烯酰胺单体在有机化蒙脱土片层间原位插层聚合制得蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺(MMT/PAM)杂化物. 同时,研究了引发剂用量、聚合反应时间和蒙脱土含量对杂化物特性粘数的影响,并用XRD、FTIR、TEM对Na-MMT、O-MMT和MMT/PAM杂化物进行结构表征. 最后实验对比了MMT/PAM杂化物与PAM对三氧化二铬悬浮液的絮凝效果. XRD、TEM结果显示,纳米尺寸大小的蒙脱土均匀地分散在PAM基体中. 絮凝实验结果显示,添加质量分数0.5％~5.0％MMT的MMT/PAM杂化物的絮凝效果优于纯PAM.