基于生理信号的气味对运动性疲劳的影响分析

利用MP150多道生理仪记录心电和脑电等生理信号的变化,从嗅觉的角度,研究2种嗅觉刺激气体(桉树精油和工业废水)对运动性疲劳的影响,并以静息组做对照进行了3组试验。结果表明:1)方差分析显示,关于HR、MRR、Uα等静息组和精油组p0.05,达到显著性水平;2)心电数据分析显示,3组试验心率值均处于下降趋势,精油组下降速度最快,且下降的幅度最大;3)脑电数据分析显示,脑能量参数(Uα+Uθ)/Uβ的变化说明疲劳程度先增加后降低,嗅吸过精油后脑能量上升的幅度最小,开始下降的时间最早,且下降的幅度相对较大。这表明精油和工业废水对人体产生了不同的影响,但精油对心电和脑电信号影响较大,对运动后心率和疲劳的恢复有较好的作用。桉树精油能更好地缓解运动性疲劳。     

Simultaneous determination of ten taste and odor compounds in drinking water by solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Taste and odor （T＆O） problems in drinking water frequently occur because of many compounds present in the water, of which trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol （geosrnin） and 2-methylisoborneol （MIB） are well-known. In this study, a fast and effective method was established for simultaneous determination of 10 T＆O compounds, including geosmin, MIB, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole （TCA）, 2-methylbenzofuran, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine （IPMP）, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine （IBMP）, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, trans,trans-2,4-heptadienal, trans, cis-2,6-nonadienal, and trans-2-decenal in water samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction （SPME） coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. An orthogonal array experimental design was used to optimize the effects of SPME fiber, extraction temperature, stirring rate, NaC1 content, extraction time, and desorption time. The limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 73 ng/L were lower than or close to the odor threshold concentrations （OTCs）. All the 10 T＆O compounds were detected in the 14 water samples including surface water, treatment process water and tap water, taken from a waterworks in Lianyungang City, China. MIB and geosmin were detected in most samples at low concentration. Six T＆O compounds （IPMP, IBMP, trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal, 2-methylbenzofuran, trans-2-decenal, and TCA） were effectively decreased in water treatment process （sedimentation and filtration） that is different from cis-3-hexenyl acetate, MIB and geosmin. It is noted that the TCA concentrations at 15.9-122.3 ng/L and the trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal concentrations at 79.9-190.1 ng/L were over 10 times higher than their OTCs in tap water. The variation of the analytes in the all water samples, especially distribution system indicated that distribution system cannot be ignored as a T＆O compounds source.     

GMW3205:2000与SAE J1351气味测试标准差异解读

本文详细解读了GMW 3205:2000汽车内饰材料中气味散发测试方法以及SAE J1351绝缘材料气味散发测试方法之间的差异.介绍了汽车内饰件材料气味测试原理.以及气味试验的定义与实际使用中的意义等方面对GMW 3205:2000和SAE J1351气味测试标准进行差异分析.     

基于气味探测的矿井人员搜救设备探讨

发生冒顶或坍塌事故后确定被困人员的位置是事故救援的关键,分析了灾害时期井下人员搜救方法和特点以及矿井救护现状,针对事故救援现场的特殊条件提出了有源探测的方法,即研究基于气味探测原理的矿井人员搜救方法和设备,并在示踪气体的选择和气味探测器研发方面进行了详细探讨.     

Addition of hydrogen peroxide for the simultaneous control of bromate and odor during advanced drinking water treatment using ozone

Complete removal of the characteristic septic/swampy odor from Huangpu River source water could only be achieved under an ozone dose as high as 4.0 mg/L in an ozone-biological activated carbon （O3- BAC） process, which would lead to the production of high concentrations of carcinogenic bromate due to the high bromide content. This study investigated the possibility of simultaneous control of bromate and the septic/swampy odor by adding H2O2 prior to the O3-BAC process for the treatment of Huangpu River water. H2O2 addition could reduce the bromate concentration effectively at an H2O2/O3 （g/g） ratio of 0.5 or higher. At the same time, the septic/swampy odor removal was enhanced by the addition of H2O2, although optimization of the H2O2/O3 ratio was required for each ozone dose. At an ozone dose of 2.0 mg/L, the odor was removed completely at an H2O2/O3 ratio of 0.5. The results indicated that H2O2 application at a suitable dose could enhance the removal of the septic/swampy odor while suppressing the formation of bromate during ozonation of Huangpu River source water.     

如何避免踩踏事故发生?又如何求生?

<正>踩踏,是一种极其原始的事故。每年东非大迁徙的过程中都有很多食草动物死于同类的蹄子之下。而人群的踩踏事故更是在史书上画下一个又一个血点。人类是天性爱群居的动物,一旦人群聚集,并被街道、房屋、楼梯、栏杆压缩,危险就出现了。原本有序移动的人群可能会因为一个小小的诱因而瞬间崩溃,这个诱因可能是一只断掉的高跟鞋、洒在光滑地面上的一杯饮料、一股气味、一句话,甚至不需要什么明确的诱因。下面是容易发生踩踏事故的情形:     

工业毒物及其防治(3)

<正>二氧化硫概念二氧化硫为无色气体,有刺激性气味的有毒气体,密度比空气大,易液化,易溶于水。空气中浓度超标时,必须佩戴防毒面具。行业工种接触二氧化硫的行业和工种有:     

芳香类有机物生成氯化消毒副产物特性及其与化学结构的关系

选择与腐殖酸有相似芳香结构的有机物进行氯化试验,测定其卤乙酸及三卤甲烷生成量,研究前体物化学结构与氯化消毒副产物生成特性的关系.结果表明:①主要卤乙酸生成活性排序为:对羟基苯甲酸>4-氨基苯乙酮>邻苯二酚>间苯二酚;主要三卤甲烷生成活性排序为:间苯二酚>4-氨基苯乙酮>2-羟基-4-氨基甲苯>对羟基苯甲酸.②卤乙酸的前期氯化反应速度排序为:间苯二酚>4-氨基苯乙酮>对羟基苯甲酸>邻苯二酚;三卤甲烷的前期氯化反应速度排序为:对羟基苯甲酸>2-羟基-4-氨基甲苯>间苯二酚>4-氨基苯乙酮.③对位或邻位取代基结构物质以生成卤乙酸为主;间位取代基结构物质以生成三卤甲烷为主.④苯环上羟基官能团生成消毒副产物的活性最高,酮基官能团次之;氨基官能团主要起到与其它活性官能团形成对位、邻位或间位结构的辅助作用;醛基和羧基官能团为惰性官能团;甲基官能团的作用有待深入考察.     

难生化降解芳香化合物废水的电催化处理

经氟树脂改性的β-PbO₂电极作为新型阳极,对几种含典型难生化降解芳香化合物,苯胺、氯苯、对氯苯酚、对硝基酚的模拟废水进行了电催化降解.结果表明,在0.25A的电流下处理2h,目标有机物去除率达到75%～100%,COD去除率为20%～55%.处理效果:苯胺＞氯苯＞对氯苯酚＞对硝基酚.较高的电流和有机物初始浓度更有利于有机物的降解.检测到了降解的共同中间产物对苯醌、反丁烯二酸、草酸,提出了芳香有机物电催化降解反应的共同历程.     

无色有刺激性气味的澄清液体CH4O

事故案例1996年7月30日，山东某乌洛托品车间精甲醇计量槽溢流管动火时，计量槽爆炸，造成9人死亡，5人重伤。事故的原因是设备动火作业安全措施不到位，没采取隔绝、置换等措施，安全管理上有漏洞，没有办理动火作业证，就进行动火作业。