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81.
文章针对MBR工艺膜组器离线化学清洗效率较低的问题,探索采用离线循环化学清洗方式,并开展了工程试验研究。试验结果表明,与传统静置浸泡清洗方式相比,循环清洗能够加快药液和污染物的反应速率,有效提高清洗效率和效果,减少药液消耗,清洗时间缩短1/2;清洗时适量间歇曝气能将膜丝表面附着颗粒污泥吹落,提高清洗效率,曝气强度选择20N m3/(m.2h)为宜;加热药液至25℃有助于提高清洗效果,增强膜的透水性能;通过在线监测pH值,可自动控制次氯酸钠、柠檬酸的补药量,减少粗放投加造成的药剂浪费。 相似文献
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现有污泥脱水技术仅使污泥含水率降到80%左右,难以满足日益严格的污泥处置要求.以污泥比阻(SRF)、脱水率为考察指标,比较了两大类非离子型表面活性剂(辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OPEO型和烷基糖苷APG)对剩余污泥的脱水效果,并对原泥及调理后污泥进行了显微观察.结果表明,非离子表面活性剂可使污泥絮体粒径变小,不规则程度降低,改善了污泥的脱水性能,而且烷基糖苷APG脱水效果优于OPEO型.APG投加量为0.05%干固体时,污泥比阻即可降低到原泥的42%,脱水率可达到93%.以烷基糖苷APG为调理剂进行板框脱水实验,结果表明,当APG投加量为0.05%干固体时,脱水泥饼含水率比原泥脱水泥饼含水率低约10%,脱水率可达到97%.本研究为APG应用于污泥脱水,改善污泥脱水性能提供一些参考. 相似文献
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酿酒酵母吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的表面特性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为深入探讨酿酒酵母吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的微观作用机制,本文利用表面显微分析技术(SEM-EDS、TEM-EDS、AFM)研究了酿酒酵母细胞吸附重金属离子Pb(Ⅱ)前后的细胞表面变化.研究结果表明,酿酒酵母细胞与Pb(Ⅱ)作用后,细胞表面除吸附Pb(Ⅱ)外,同时产生大量更高浓度的含Pb(Ⅱ)沉淀,导致Pb(Ⅱ)从溶液中被去除.酵母与Pb(Ⅱ)反应前,酵母细胞表面可检测到的主要元素包括C、O、N、P、S、K、Mg;酵母与Pb(Ⅱ)作用后,细胞表面始终保持C、O、P吸收峰,而N、K、Mg、S吸收峰随反应条件不同而减弱、消失或增强.P作为细胞表面组分可能与Pb(Ⅱ)结合.酵母与Pb(Ⅱ)作用过程中,重金属离子促进酵母细胞释放细胞内含物.原子力显微镜(AFM)证实,云母片表面对酵母吸附Pb(Ⅱ)后细胞的铺展变形作用明显增大. 相似文献
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Siriprapha Jangkorn Sinchai Kuhakaew Suwapee Theantanoo Harit Klinla-or Tongchai Sriwiriyarat 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):587-594
A coagulation-flocculation process is typically employed to treat the industrial wastewater generated by the consumer products
industry manufacturing detergents, soaps, and others. The expenditure of chemicals including coagulants and chemicals for pH
adjustment is costly for treating this wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of reusing the aluminum
sulfate (alum) sludge as a coagulant or as a coagulation aid so that the fresh alum dosage can be minimized or the removal e ciency can
be enhanced. The experiments were conducted in a jar-test apparatus simulating the coagulation-flocculation process for simultaneous
removals of organic matters, anionic surfactants, suspended solids, and turbidity. At the optimum initial pH value of 10 and the fresh
alum concentration of 400 mg/L, the total suspended solids (TSS), total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), total anionic surfactants,
and turbidity removal e ciencies were 71.5%, 76.4%, 95.4%, and 98.2%, respectively. The addition of alum sludge as a coagulant
alone without any fresh alum addition could significantly remove the turbidity, TCOD, and anionic surfactants. The TSS was left in the
supernatants after the settling period, but would subsequently be removed by adding the fresh alum. The TSS, TCOD, and turbidity
removal e ciencies were also enhanced when both the alum sludge and the fresh alum were employed. The TCOD removal e ciency
over 80% has been accomplished, which has never fulfilled by using the fresh alum alone. It is concluded that the alum sludge could
be reused for the treatment of industrial wastewater generated by the consumer products industry. 相似文献
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Cleaning of hollow-fibre polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane with di erent chemical reagents after ultrafiltration of algal-rich
water was investigated. Among the tested cleaning reagents (NaOH, HCl, EDTA, and NaClO), 100 mg/L NaClO exhibited the best
performance (88.4% 1.1%) in removing the irreversible fouling resistance. This might be attributed to the fact that NaClO could
eliminate almost all the major foulants such as carbohydrate-like and protein-like materials on the membrane surface, as confirmed by
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, negligible irreversible resistance (1.5% 1.0%) was obtained when the
membrane was cleaning by 500 mg/L NaOH for 1.0 hr, although the NaOH solution could also desorb a portion of the major foulants
from the fouled PVC membrane. Scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses demonstrated that 500 mg/L
NaOH could change the structure of the residual foulants on the membrane, making them more tightly attached to the membrane
surface. This phenomenon might be responsible for the negligible membrane permeability restoration after NaOH cleaning. On the
other hand, the microscopic analyses reflected that NaClO could e ectively remove the foulants accumulated on the membrane surface. 相似文献
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The Cu2+-loaded montmorillonite clays (MMT-Cu) may be a good material for the adsorbed and eliminated pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution. 相似文献
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Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I+) and oxidative (I2+) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I+ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I+ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I+ were 30% higher than those in I2+ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology. 相似文献