Temporal and spatial variations of low-molecular-weight organic acids in Dianchi Lake, China

Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in eutrophic lake water of Dianchi, Southwestern China Plateau were investigated diurnally and vertically using ion chromatography. Two profiles (P1 and P2) were studied due to the difference of hydrochemical features. Lactic, formic, pyruvic and oxalic acid were detected as major components at P1 and P2 which were on average 7.98 and 6.53 mol/L, respectively, corresponding to their proportions of 2.68% and 2.48% relative to DOC. Pyruvic acid was regarded as the uppermost species at P1 and P2, reaching up to 3.82 and 3.35 mol/L and accounting for 47.9% and 51.3%, respectively, in individual TOA. Although humus were of biogenetic production at both sites, the significant negative correlation between diurnal variations of TOAs, fluorescence intensity (FI) of protein-like components and humic-like components at P1 indicated LMWOAs were greatly originated from bacterioplankton excretion and degradation. However, correlations between diurnal variations of humic-like FI and physicochemical parameters demonstrated algal origination of LMWOAs at P2. Although content of humus was high, TOA at P2 was 1.45 mol/L lower than that at P1, due to the co-influence of more intense photo-oxidation and aggregation at P2. Therefore, TOAs exhibited quite opposite diurnal variation trends of increasing-decreasing and decreasing-increasing at P1 and P2, respectively. Except for impact of solar radiation, bacterial decomposition and assimilation rendered shifts of maximal LMWOAs along water column at P1. Covering with massive algae, UV rays penetrated shallower depth that LMWOAs assembled in surface layer water before 18:00 at P2 and represented decreasing profiles.     

西南喀斯特山地的土壤硅酸盐矿物物质平衡与土壤流失

本文阐明了西南喀斯特山地土壤的流失方式,给出了土壤硅酸盐矿物的物质平衡框图。主要利用西南喀斯特山地区地质、土壤、岩溶、地球化学、植物化学、水文、植被、土壤侵蚀等多学科的前人研究成果,以茂兰喀斯特森林自然保护区为例,给出了无人类干扰的纯碳酸盐岩山地的土壤硅酸盐矿物物质平衡;在此基础上分析了岩石组成和人类活动对土壤硅酸盐矿物物质平衡的影响,并进行了粗略计算。     

黔西南滥木厂铊矿化区河流沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态危害

黔西南滥木厂铊矿化区河流沉积物中重金属元素的含量很高,其环境污染和生态危害值得关注。本文采用地质累积指数(Igeo)和潜在生态危害指数(RI)对重金属污染及其潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,滥木厂河流沉积物中重金属存在较强程度的污染,并具有较强程度的潜在生态危害。主要的污染元素为Tl、As和Cd,而Cr、Zn、Pb、Cu基本上处于无污染或轻微污染的水平。河流沉积物重金属的污染在上游河段较下游河段严重。重金属平均潜在生态危害的排序为:矿山影响区Tl>Cd>As>Pb>Cr>Cu>Zn;矿山未影响区Cd>Tl>Pb>Cr>As>Cu>Zn。