手性污染物环境行为的对映体差异性

环境中手性污染物对映体选择性行为的研究历史不长 ,但由于手性化合物对映体生物活性的差异性 ,手性污染物在环境中的对映体选择性行为已愈来愈引起人们的关注。本文对近 10多年来手性污染物的环境行为研究进行全面评述     

聚苯乙烯基离子交换纤维去除铅离子的应用研究

聚苯乙烯其离子交换纤维是一种理想的离子交换材料。它的特殊的物理形态决定它对一些有害气体如铅烟、颗粒铅等具有很好的净化作用，铅烟净化效率可达８０％；对水溶液中毒性铅离子去除率可达８６％。该纤维可做为治理毒性铅离子的材料。     

生物质基活性炭负载金属催化还原NOx

为研究生物质材料的脱硝性能,利用木质素与纤维素2种生物质基活性炭作为还原剂,用碱金属与过渡金属作为催化活性相,制备了一系列生物质基活性炭负载金属催化剂用于富氧环境中催化还原NO_x,考察了生物质原料种类、炭化温度以及催化剂组分对脱硝效率的影响.结果表明:①当反应温度低于250℃时,炭表面主要是NO_x的吸附过程;而当反应温度高于250℃时,炭还原NO_x行为占主导,并伴随N₂、CO₂与CO的生成.炭化温度对炭反应活性的影响主要依赖于炭化温度对炭材料表面含氧官能团、比表面积以及炭表面金属还原性的影响.②研究中考察的金属（K、Cu、Fe、Ni）均对还原NO_x与O₂有催化作用,其中,K对C-NO_x反应具有明显促进作用,但对C-O₂反应并无明显促进作用,所有样品中SAC-K的选择性因子为0.56,对还原NO_x的选择性最高,且恒温反应过程NO_x还原量（以C计）达到了1 293 μmol/g.③与传统煤基活性炭催化剂相比,木屑基活性炭负载钾催化剂表现出了优良的NO_x还原选择性;X-射线光电子表征结果显示,木屑基活性炭负载钾催化剂优良的性能与其表面钾活性相的高度分散有关.研究显示,相比于煤基炭材料,生物质基炭材料具有更加优异的选择性还原NO_x性能.      

氟虫腈对斑马鱼和小菜蛾毒性的手性选择性研究

手性农药分子的不同对映体在环境中的降解速率和对于生物的毒性可能存在很大的差异,因此拆分并使用对靶标生物毒性较高或对非靶标生物毒性较低的单一或浓缩的对映体配方可以有效地降低杀虫剂的环境风险.本文用手性柱拆分了一种广泛使用的手性农药,氟虫腈的两种对映体,研究了这两种对映体和消旋体对靶标生物小菜蛾和非靶标生物斑马鱼的急性毒性.结果表明氟虫腈对受试靶标和非靶标生物的毒性均无手性选择性,说明无法通过对氟虫腈进行手性拆分并使用单一对映体配方来降低氟虫腈的环境风险.这一结论间接支持了农业部新近出台的禁止氟虫腈用于防治农田害虫的政策.     

我国火电行业NO_x排放现状及烟气脱氮技术发展

介绍了我国火电行业NOx的排放现状以及部分烟气脱氮技术的研究和应用现状,分析了脱氮技术存在的问题和发展方向。     

水热条件对粉煤灰沸石离子交换性能的影响

沸石的离子交换性能是决定其应用价值的一个重要指标。为衡量粉煤灰沸石的应用性能,本研究主要考察了反应温度、反应时间以及添加剂等水热反应条件对合成粉煤灰沸石产品离子交换性能(CEC,Cation Exchange Capacity)的影响。结果表明,产品的CEC值随着反应温度和反应时间增加而增大,至120℃、6h达到最大。添加剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和95%乙醇有效促进了NaP1沸石的结晶过程,均可使产品CEC值提高10%以上。合成NaP1型粉煤灰沸石的最佳水热反应条件为:反应温度120℃,反应时间6h,液固比(mL/g)为8,氢氧化钠浓度为2mol/L,95%乙醇作为添加剂。所得粉煤灰沸石产品CEC值达到最大值198.31cmol/kg。     

反渗透用于APT离子交换废水的处理与回用

试验分别研究了反渗透膜Duraslick RO2540和RE2540-TE对APT冶炼离子交换废水的处理效果。研究结果表明,在最佳压力条件下,Duraslick RO2540膜对Cl-的截留率为91.4%,产水率为16.9%;RE2540-TE膜对Cl-的截留率为93.4%,产水率为17.2%。在压力为1.7MPa,温度为25℃时,浓缩实验结果表明,产水中Cl-浓度和膜的截留率随着时间变化而逐渐增加,但膜通量逐渐减小,且RE2540-TE膜通量下降幅度较大。清洗后,RE2540-TE膜通量损失达到6%,而Duraslick RO2540膜通量恢复幅度为98%。     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

耦合式SCR还原剂供给调节装置及控制技术的研究与应用

阐述了SCR喷氨调节控制常用的方法及存在的问题,提出了一种新型耦合式SCR还原剂供给调节装置及控制技术,并通过电厂实际案例对该调节装置与控制技术进行了说明。研究结果表明:该调节装置及控制技术可使脱硝效率相对稳定、出口NO_x的浓度不超标、喷氨不过量。