介孔铁锰双金属氧化物对Pb2+的吸附及其机理研究

采用高温热解金属草酸盐的方法制备了介孔铁锰双金属氧化物(MFMBO),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(HRTEM)和比表面测定仪等表征,证实合成的材料为类蠕虫状的介孔结构,比表面积为218.68 m~2·g~(-1).MFMBO对Pb~(2+)的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir模型,热力学参数表明对Pb~(2+)的吸附过程是非自发和吸热的.实验条件下最大吸附量为250mg·g~(-1),吸附性能优于大多无机吸附剂.傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析结果表明MFMBO对Pb~(2+)的吸附机理主要为Pb~(2+)对MFMBO表面羟基中H~+的替换,从而形成内层表面络合物.     

MO_x-CeO_2/HZSM-5催化剂催化氧化含氯挥发性有机物研究

采用浸渍法制备了不同过渡金属掺杂的MOx-CeO2/HZSM-5（M分别表示Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu）催化剂,研究了各催化剂对1,2-二氯乙烷（DCE）的催化降解性能.结果表明,过渡金属掺杂后,MOx-12%CeO2/HZSM-5催化剂催化氧化1,2-二氯乙烷（DCE）的活性明显提高.各催化剂（记为M-CeO...     

微波诱导金属氧化物去除模拟污染土壤中的PCB77

采用硅藻土模拟实际土壤,选用纳米金属氧化物为催化剂,在密封体系中研究了微波诱导催化反应对PCB77污染土壤的修复效果,考察了微波辐射时间、不同纳米金属氧化物、酸的浓度和类型、MnO2添加量对PCB77去除效果的影响.结果表明,与无微波辐射的对照相比,微波诱导催化反应1 min后PCB77的去除率提高了1倍.仅微波辐射条件下,PCB77的去除率随着辐射时间的增加而提高,10 min趋于平衡.此时,在加入8 mol/L H2SO4体系中PCB77可去除50%;在加入水的体系中,去除率约为20%;而在加入10 mol/L NaOH或无水体系中去除率几乎为0.微波诱导MnO2催化去除PCB77的效果最好,反应1 min去除率高达90%以上,而Fe2O3、CuO和Al2O3的催化去除效果较差.在微波诱导MnO2催化条件下,随着H2SO4溶液浓度从1mol/L增加到8 mol/L,PCB77的去除率从37.0%增加到98.5%,且H2SO4溶液主要是起酸化作用.此外,添加0.01、0.03和0.05g MnO2对PCB77催化去除效果基本相同.     

低温SCR脱硝催化剂过渡金属氧化物改性及硫中毒失活机制研究

以浸渍法制备MnOx-CeOx/ACF催化剂.在110~230℃温度范围内,MnOx-CeOx/ACF催化剂具有较好地低温选择性催化还原脱除NOx的活性.结果表明,该催化剂在150℃和230℃的脱硝效率分别达到80%和90%.加入Fe、Cu和V等过渡金属氧化物对MnOx-CeOx/ACF催化剂进行改性.该类过渡金属氧化物的加入对MnOx-CeOx/ACF的活性具有抑制作用.相比于MnOx-CeOx/ACF以及Cu和V改性的催化剂,Fe改性催化剂在一定时期内具有良好的抗SO2性能.在SO2存在下,Fe改性催化剂在初始6h内其脱硝效率保持在75%以上.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅立叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)分析结果表明,催化剂失活包括两部分机制,一是形成硫酸铵盐,可粘附在催化剂表面使催化剂失活;另外一个机制是作为活性成分的锰铈等金属氧化物被SO2硫化形成金属硫酸盐.     

Competitive and cooperative adsorption of arsenate and citrate on goethite

The fate of arsenic in natural environments is influenced by adsorption onto metal (hydr)oxides. The extent of arsenic adsorption is strongly a ected by coexisting dissolved natural organic acids. Recently, some studies reported that there existed competitive adsorption between arsenate and citrate on goethite. Humic acid is known to interact strongly with arsenate by forming complexes in aqueous solution, hence it is necessary to undertake a comprehensive study of the adsorption of arsenate/citrate onto goethite in the presence of one another. The results showed that at the arsenate concentrations used in this study (0.006–0.27 mmol/L), citrate decreased arsenate adsorption at acidic pH but no e ect was observed at alkaline pH. In comparison, citrate adsorption was inhibited at acidic pH, but enhanced at alkaline pH by arsenate. This was probably due to the formation of complex between arsenate and citrate like the case of arsenate with humic acid. These results implied that the mechanism of the adsorption of arsenate and citrate onto goethite in the presence of one another involved not only competition for binding sites, but the cooperation between the two species at the watergoethite interface as well.     

Investigation of heavy metal partitioning influenced by flue gas moisture and chlorine content during waste incineration

The impact of moisture on the partitioning of the heavy metals including Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd in municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied in a laboratory tubular furnace.A thermodynamic investigation using CHEMKIN software was performed to compare the experimental results.Simulated waste,representative of typical MSW with and without chlorine compounds,was burned at the background temperature of 700 and 950°C,respectively.In the absence of chlorine,the moisture content has no evident effect on the volatility of Pb,Zn and Cu at either 700 or 950°C,however,as flue gas moisture increasing the Cd distribution in the bottom ash increased at 700°C and reduced at 950°C,respectively.In the presence of chlorine,the flue gas moisture reduced the volatility of Pb,Zn and Cu due to the transformation of the more volatile metal chlorides into less volatile metal oxides,and the reduction became significant as chlorine content increase.For Cd,the chlorine promotes its volatility through the formation of more volatile CdCl 2.As a result,the increased moisture content increases the Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd concentrations in the bottom ash,which limits the utilization of the bottom ash as a construction material.Therefore,in order to accumulate heavy metals into the fly ash,MSW should be dried before incineration.     

氧化物载体对Ni-V催化剂催化燃烧二氯甲烷的影响

以Al₂O₃,TiO₂,ZrO₂ 3种氧化物为载体,通过溶胶凝胶法制备以Ni-V双金属氧化物为活性组分催化剂,在固定床反应器上研究了催化剂的二氯甲烷（DCM）催化燃烧性能.并通过XRD、BET、FTIR-Pyridine和H₂-TPR表征分析催化剂的物理化学特性,结果表明催化剂的氧化还原性能与酸性存在一定的协同能力促进DCM的催化氧化.10% Ni-V/Al₂O₃和10% Ni-V/TiO₂催化剂表面大量的酸性位点和强氧化性使得催化剂在催化燃烧DCM时拥有较好的活性,其中10% Ni-V/Al₂O₃在252℃时就有90%的转化率,但其在低温时易产生含氯有机副产物的CH₃Cl,并且50h连续稳定性测试发现其有失活现象.而10% Ni-V/TiO₂催化剂达到90%转化率时温度为274℃,且其在DCM降解中并没有CH₃Cl的产生,稳定性测试中也没有失活现象发生,这可能是与其拥有更多中强度B酸以及较强氧化还原能力有关.     

Review on research and application of mesoporous transitional metal oxides in water treatment

This paper reviews the application of meso- porous transitional metal oxides in water treatment on basis of the catalysis and adsorption. Mesoporous transitional metal oxides are characterized by their intrinsic features, such as a high surface area, a highly ordered array of unidimensional pores with a very narrow pore size distribution, and highly dispersed active sites. Finally, the suggestions of further study on application are proposed.     

非均相Fenton催化剂深度处理维生素C废水的试验

为了探究非均相Fenton催化剂对实际废水的处理效果,以维生素C二级生化出水为研究对象,分别考察了针铁矿、磁铁矿和硫铁矿烧渣等含铁矿物质以及部分金属或金属氧化物的吸附性能和非均相Fenton技术的催化氧化性能.选取硫铁矿烧渣作为负载催化剂,融合CuO、Al2O3、TiO2、NiO、Cr2O3、Ag2O,利用高温微孔技术制备非均相Fenton催化剂,当H2O2、FeSO4投加量分别为6.87、4.29 mmol·L-1时,COD去除率能稳定达到70%左右.     

新型复合金属氧化物催化剂用于汽车尾气NOx净化的实验研究

采用固定床反应装置,模拟汽车尾气,研究新型复合金属氧化催化剂ＷＣＸ－Ｉ（Ｒｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｃｕ－Ｏｘ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）对ＣＯ还原ＮＯ反应和ＣＨ４还原ＮＯ反应的催化活性,催化剂的抗ＳＯ２中毒性能,抗积炭性能．结果表明ＷＣＸ－Ｉ催化剂对ＮＯ／ＣＯ和ＮＯ／ＣＨ４反应均具有较好的高温活性．在本研究实验条件下,４００℃以上时ＣＯ对ＮＯ的稳定还原率在９３％以上,６００℃以上时ＣＨ４对ＮＯ的稳定还原率在９２％以上．在１０００ｍｌ／ｍ３ＳＯ２－Ｎ２的高硫气氛中强制中毒及在１．０％ＣＯ－１０％ＣＯ２－Ｎ２的缺氧气氛中强制积炭若干小时后的催化剂试样对ＮＯ／ＣＯ反应的催化活性几乎未见降低