毛细柱气相色谱法测定天然水中痕量铍、铝、铬

介绍一个用毛细柱气相色谱法同时测定铍、铝、铬酌新方法。在pH为5.6的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,铍、铝、铬与三氟乙酰丙酮生成挥发性和热稳定性的金属整合物。可萃取至苯中,注射至熔融石英WCOT OV—101柱上,在140℃分离测定,用电子捕获检测器检测。铍、铝、铬的回收率分别为83—103％,88—105％,90—103％。变异系数分别为6.5％,6.5％,2.0％。可用于天然水中亚ppb级铍、铝、铬的分析。测定了海水、河口水、矿泉水、雪水等样品。     

Excavation and characterization of refuse in closed landfill

Refuse in landfills becomes stabilized as organic matter in refuse degrades and soluble inorganic substances dissolve during their longterm stabilization process.In this paper,this process is also referred to as mineralization process and the resultant stabilized refuse referred to as aged refuse.Aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and huge quantity of microorganisms with strong decomposition capability for refractory organic matter present in some wastewater such as leachate.In this study,aged refuse excavated from 2 to 10 years old closed landfill compartments in Shanghai Refuse Landfill is characterized in terms of particulate distribution by screening,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,biodegradable matter.The approaches for redevelopment of both land and aged refuse in the stabilized landfills are proposed.     

新型弱碱性阴离子交换树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

用氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯树脂(PS-Acyl-Cl)代替传统的氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂(PS-CH2-Cl),通过其与二乙胺(DEA)的胺化反应得到一种新型弱碱性阴离子交换树脂(PS-Acyl-DEA)。研究了该树脂对C(rⅥ)的静态吸附性能,以期处理含铬废水及铬的富集回收提供理论和实验依据。结果表明,该树脂对C(rⅥ)的吸附量随pH的降低而增加;吸附过程在实验浓度范围内符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,且最大吸附量达263mg/g,大于文献报道。动力学和热力学研究表明,吸附过程为液膜扩散控制,自发且放热过程。     

铬离子对序批式好氧生物反应器出水中溶解性微生物产物的影响

考察了序批式好氧生物反应器(SBR)中,重金属铬离子对溶解性微生物产物(SMP)总量、分子量分布及其组成中多聚糖、蛋白质和DNA含量的影响.铬离子的生物容许浓度在2mg·l-1之下,SMP总量与铬离子浓度存在指数关系:SMP=24.94e0.593C.SMP的分子量呈双峰分布,且分子量小于1kDa的部分基本上占50%以上.SMP中的DNA含量随铬离子浓度的增加而降低,在显著水平α=0.05时,DNA含量与铬离子浓度呈线性相关.     

生物吸附剂的制备及其对铬的吸附性能

通过对吸附时间、吸附液pH值、溶液含铬浓度与菌丝球投加量的效应值与极值进行正交分析 ,确定出影响生物吸附效果的各因素依次是 :吸附时间→吸附液pH值→菌丝球投加量→铬浓度 .实验筛选出了两个对铬具有良好吸附性能的菌种 :黄曲霉 (Aspergillusflavus)、曲霉属 (Aspergillussp .) .在吸附 8h的条件下 ,它们对含铬 1 5mg·l- 1的吸附液除铬率分别达 6 7 1 %和 71 2 % ,两者的最佳吸附条件是 :pH =5 ,铬菌投加比为 5mg·g- 1.以这两种霉菌为主 ,通过吸附性能实验 ,探讨了多种因素对生物吸附剂除铬性能的影响 .     

超富集植物李氏禾对铬诱导的氧化胁迫响应

为探讨超富集植物李氏禾(Leersia hexandra Swart)耐受和超富集重金属铬的生理机制,采用水培法,研究不同质量浓度、不同价态的铬处理及不同处理时间对李氏禾幼苗不同部位抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明,随着铬胁迫时间的延长,SOD、POD、CAT三种酶活呈现逐步升高的趋势.随着铬胁迫质量浓度的增加,MDA逐渐升高,3种抗氧化酶先升后降,Cr33 质量浓度为40 mg·L-1和Cr6 质量浓度为20 mg·L-1时分别出现峰值.Cr3 质量浓度低于40 mg·L-1,Cr6 质量浓度低于20 mg·L-1时,抗氧化酶在李氏禾应答铬胁迫的反应中起重要作用,超过此质量浓度范围,抗氧化酶系统将受到损害.     

铬污染土壤中六价铬的测定

研究了土壤中Ｃｒ＾６＋的提取测定方法。结果表明，用０．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＫＣｌ为提取剂，离心分离提取液，可简单，快速，准确地测定土壤中Ｃｒ＾６＋，所建立的方法适用于北方偏碱性土壤。     

吐温20和Mn（Ⅱ）存在下二安替匹林─（2，4─二氯）苯基甲烷与铬（Ⅵ）的显色反应的研究

合成了二安替匹林—（２，４—二氯）苯基甲烷（ＤＡＤＣＭ）。研究了在Ｈ３ＰＯ４介质中，在Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）和吐温２０存在下，Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）与ＤＡＤＣＭ的显色反应。该反应产物为橙红色化合物，λ（ｍａｘ）＝４９０ｎｍ，ε为１．０８×１０５。Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）量在０～１０（μｇ／２５ｍｌ）符合比耳定律。方法有较好选择性，体系可稳定２４ｈ。用于水和废水中微量Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的测定，结果满意。     

贵州破解磷化工废渣利用难题

不久前，由贵州大学和西洋集团联合自主研发成功的一套具有国际领先水平的“磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥的生产工艺”，实现了对作为工业废渣的磷石膏进行循环综合利用的重大技术突破，从而一举破解了这一行业长期以来“1t磷铵5t渣”所形成的磷石膏处理世界级难题。     

Response of soil catalase activity to chromium contamination

The impact of chromium(III) and (VI) forms on soil catalase activity was presented. The Orthic Podzol, Haplic Phaeozem and Mollic Gleysol from di erent depths were used in the experiment. The soil samples were amended with solution of Cr(III) using CrCl3, and with Cr(VI) using K2Cr2O7 in the concentration range from 0 to 20 mg/kg, whereas the samples without the addition of chromium served as control. Catalase activity was assayed by one of the commonly used spectrophotometric methods. As it was demonstrated in the experiment, both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) have an ability to reduce soil catalase activity. A chromium dosage of 20 mg/kg caused the inhibition of catalase activity and the corresponding contamination levels ranged from 75% to 92% for Cr(III) and 68% to 76% for Cr(VI), with relation to the control. Catalase activity reached maximum in the soil material from surface layers (0–25 cm), typically characterized by the highest content of organic matter creating favorable conditions for microorganisms.