《环境科学与技术》总目次

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挥发回转窑处置钢丝绳行业污泥的污染物排放研究

通过利用挥发回转窑处置钢丝绳行业污泥的工业化试验,测定了烟气排放参数及污染物排放指标,分析了污泥添加对挥发回转窑烟气排放的影响程度及各项污染物指标之间的相关性。结果表明,污泥添加量18%～22%,对挥发回转窑烟气排放无影响,烟尘、SO2、氮氧化物、Zn、Pb、HCl等各项污染物指标均符合国家控制标准;烟尘排放浓度与Pb、Zn排放浓度呈显著正相关;SO2排放浓度与烟气含氧量、空气过剩系数、排放浓度呈显著负相关。通过控制烟气中烟尘浓度可减少Zn、Pb的排放,在满足SO2排放浓度达标的同时,还应加强工艺供氧量的管理,控制的产生,减少烟气对生产设备的腐蚀。     

碳钢在高温高盐矿井水中腐蚀与缓蚀性能的试验研究

为了解决高温高盐矿井水对碳钢管道和设备腐蚀问题,进行了缓蚀挂片试验,研究适应该类水质的缓蚀剂种类和最佳投加量。试验结果表明：软化剂氢氧化钙和碳酸钠对碳钢均有一定缓蚀效果．其平均缓蚀率分别为17．33％、57．46％。因此药剂软化过程同时达到防腐效果有限：单独投加缓蚀剂HEDP的缓蚀效果明显,其静态缓蚀率82．46％以上,动态缓蚀率76．45％：复合配方缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果最好,最佳配方为“有机膦酸一聚环氧琥珀酸一锌盐”或“有机膦酸一磺酸基团多元共聚物一锌盐”,在投加量80mg／L时动态缓蚀率接近90％。     

物理水处理技术在循环冷却水处理中的应用

物理法替代化学法处理循环冷却水已得到越来越多的重视。本文综述了物理水处理技术的机理和研究现状,指出了现行物理处理法在循环冷却水处理中存在的问题,并对其发展前景做了展望,合理了利用是一个水处理行业中的可持续的方法。     

一起110kV电容式电压互感器缺陷分析

电容式电压互感器(capacitor voltage transformer,CVT),是变电站的重要设备,主要用来测量线路电压,为二次设备提供电源等。通过对一起某变电站 110kV电容式电压互感器异常发热缺陷分析,结合电气试验、油色谱检测等,对缺陷部位和原因进行诊断,并提出了相应的防范措施。     

不同受旱胁迫下大豆蒸发蒸腾与地上部生长物质之间响应关系研究

农业旱灾损失形成过程中存在着大量的不确定性,不同受旱胁迫下作物蒸发蒸腾与生物量积累之间的定量响应关系是解析该过程的理论基础,对指导区域抗旱减灾具有重要实践意义。基于淮北平原两季夏大豆盆栽受旱试验,分别构建了收获时植株地上部生物量与籽粒产量之间、受旱当期和受旱后复水各生育阶段蒸发蒸腾量与同期地上部生物积累量之间的函数关系,并对不同阶段受旱胁迫下的产量构成要素响应进行了定量分析。结果表明,不同受旱胁迫下大豆收获时地上部生物量与籽粒产量之间均呈显著正相关（2015、2016季相关系数分别为0.91和0.78）,籽粒产量与其各阶段不断积累的地上部总生物量存在定量转化;大豆某一生育阶段受旱当期的蒸发蒸腾量与该阶段的地上部生物积累量呈显著正相关,且在花荚期更为明显;某一阶段受旱对后续各生育阶段的蒸发蒸腾与地上部生长均产生影响,且两者具有一定的相关性,但距受旱时期越远相关性越弱;大豆在营养生长阶段受旱后复水,鼓粒期的地上部生长机制恢复正常,且这种恢复效应在前期轻度受旱后更为明显;不同阶段受旱造成的籽粒产量损失差异较大,与充分灌溉相比,大豆分别在苗期、分枝期、花荚期和鼓粒期遭受干旱时,2015和2016季的产量分别减少了14.2%和28.0%、18.2%和30.5%、53.1%和56.2%、50.1%和45.2%,花荚期和鼓粒期受旱对籽粒形成的不利影响更为严重;两季鼓粒期受旱胁迫下的收获时地上部生物量和千粒重均为最低。     

书讯

<正>张殿印、王海涛主编的《袋式除尘器管理指南—安装、运行与维护》,由机械工业出版社于2013年11月出版,全国新华书店和机械工业出版社官网发行。该书是专门介绍袋式除尘器安装、运行与维护的管理技术书。全书约75万字,共分为8章,分别介绍袋式除尘器的分类、性能、选择,袋式除尘器安装准备、安装流程,安装方法与验收,袋式除尘器调整试验、运行操作、维护保养、故障排除和袋式除尘系统运行管理。本书内容全面,资     

磁絮凝处理染整废水的中试研究

针对染整废水进行磁絮凝的中试研究,将磁粉加载于混凝澄清池,该技术是在接触絮凝加速澄清技术基础上提出的一种应用絮凝形态学理论的新型高效固液分离技术。中试试验经过半年的调试和运行,浊度等水质数据明显优于普通的砂滤出水水质。处理后的出水水质为pH=6~9,COD≤200 mg/L,浊度≤10NTU,色度≤200倍。     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

Acute and chronic toxic effects of Pb2+ on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis：Morphological changes and responses of the antioxidant system

Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to assess adverse biological effects caused by acute and chronic Pb2＋exposure in artificial seawater under controlled laboratory conditions. In 96-hr acute toxicity experiments,the morphological changes showed a positive time/dose-dependent tendency,and the 96-hr LC50 value of Pb2＋was 686.41 mg/L. The responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues including catalase（CAT）,peroxidase（POD）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）,malondialdehyde（MDA） and the content of total soluble protein（TSP）,were investigated on days 1,4,7 and 10 after Pb2＋exposure under chronic toxicity testing. Results showed that the activation of the antioxidant system in P. aibuhitensis depended on the Pb2＋concentration and the duration of exposure time.Specifically,POD and SOD activities were induced on the first day of the exposure and decreased to the control level on day 10 after exposure. Therefore,these two indexes could be used to indicate oxidative stress associated with P. aibuhitensis exposure to Pb2＋.