The model test of leaching behaviour of trifluralin, lindane and aldicarb through the plough layer in three types of soil

A study on the leaching behaviour of trifluralin, lindane and aldicarb in three different types of soil was performed using soil column method. Leaching of trifluralin was not much influenced by soil types. Organic matter content showed an apparent influence on the leaching of lindane and aldicarb. Leaching depth of the pesticide was found to be negatively related to the organic matter content of the soil under study. It was also found that hydrophobic property of the pesticide increased the tendency of adsorption of the chemical to soil particles and hence reduced its leaching tendency. Thus, the leaching depths of the three pesticides in each of the three soils were observed in the order: aldicarb >lindane> trifluralin. Leaching behaviour of the three pesticides was also predicted based on the adsorption coefficients of the chemicals. For trifluralin and lindane, the predicted results were considerably in line with the results of the experiment.     

西南酸雨地区土壤中铝溶出规律的探讨

本文介绍了实验室动态模拟结果,对西南地区酸性沉降引起的土壤铝淋溶过程予以探讨。通过计算机推算拟合,提出了预测土壤中铝淋溶容量计算法。运用正交实验法,研究了近似于天然的动态过程中影响铝淋溶的主要因素及各因素间的相关性。得到了当降雨pH<6.0时,酸性土或弱酸性土中铝溶量和时间呈指数关系,以及影响铝溶出因素主要是酸雨的pH值、土壤的缓冲能力和环境温度等结论。     

降解酸性蓝B的镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)HJ01的分离和降解特性研究

从膨润土中分离出一株对酸性蓝B具有降解效果的镰刀菌(Fusariumsp.)HJ01,研究了其生长特征和动力学模型模拟、降解酶的性质以及对酸性蓝B的脱色效果.结果表明:菌株生长的适宜条件为:pH范围为6~7,蔗糖为碳源,NH4Cl为氮源.菌体生长符合改进的logistic law模型.SDS-PAGE分析HJ01菌株所产漆酶的相对分子量约为66×103,在低氮条件下漆酶活性高达431~812U·mg~(-1)·s~(-1).菌体培养96h后加入到含100mg·L~(-1)酸性蓝B的培养基中,再培养96h,酸性蓝B的脱色率达100%.紫外光谱分析表明,酸性蓝B的发色基团蒽醌环被漆酶破坏.     

Alkaline leaching of metal melting industry wastes dseparation of zinc and lead in the leach solution

In this work, a thorough examinations on the extractability of zinc and lead present in the steelmaking dusts using alkaline leaching process and the effectiveness of the zinc and lead separation in the resultant leaching solutions using sulfide precipitation method were made. It was found that only about 53% of zinc and over 70% of the lead could be leached out of the dusts, while the other 47% of zinc and 306 of lead were left in the leaching residues. The zinc and lead in the resultant leaching solution can be effectively and selectively separated. When the weight ratio of sodium sulfide (M. W. = 222-240) to Pb was kept at 1.8, the lead in the solution could be precipitated out quantitatively while all the zinc was remained in the solution. The zinc left in the solution can be further recovered by the addition of extra sodium sulfide with a weight ratio of sodium sulfide to the zinc over 2.6. The resultant filtrate can be recycled to the leaching of dust in the next leaching process.     

治理酸雾的环保措施

润滑油酸碱精制装置产生酸渣，装车时酸雾大量地散发到空气中，对环境的污染很严重；通过采取密闭装车环保治理措施，从而有效解决酸雾对环境的污染问题。     

PPy/TiO2光催化微生物燃料电池产电及在钴酸锂浸出中的应用

以无水氯化铁为氧化剂,碳纸为基板,通过化学氧化法制备聚吡咯/二氧化钛（PPy/TiO₂）光电阴极,采用XRD、IR、SEM对光催化材料进行表征.以碳纸为阳极;碳纸、TiO₂改性碳纸和PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸为阴极,构建双室微生物燃料电池（MFC）.在光照条件下,研究了MFC废水处理效果、产电性能及阴极钴酸锂的浸出情况.结果表明：PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸最大功率密度为10425.7mW/m²,分别是碳纸和TiO₂改性碳纸的1.97和1.86倍;PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸阴极Co（Ⅱ）浸出率为47.8%,分别是碳纸和TiO₂改性碳纸的1.87和1.76倍.     

亚氨基二琥珀酸修复重金属污染土壤及环境风险削减评估

以亚氨基二琥珀酸（ISA）为洗脱剂,考察ISA投加量、洗脱液pH值、反应时间和土液比对Cd、Pb和Zn去除率影响,通过Box-Behnken多因素设计法优化最佳洗脱条件,并采用涵盖土壤重金属残留量、浸出浓度和毒性的综合环境风险法评估修复效果.结果表明,ISA对Cd、Pb和Zn去除率随其浓度增加而增加;ISA浓度为50mmol/L时,对矿山污染土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn去除率达到11.83%、34.26%和20.96%;对污染农田土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn去除率达到48.89%、57.08%和81.80%.增加反应时间和洗脱液酸性有助于提高ISA对Cd、Pb和Zn去除率.随土液比减低,Cd、Pb和Zn去除率呈上升趋势.ISA去除Cd、Pb和Zn最佳条件为：ISA浓度70mmol/L、洗脱液pH4.0和反应时间120min,预测矿山土壤和污染农田土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn总去除率最大分别为32.58%和93.16%.ISA大幅度降低水溶态、可交换态和碳酸盐结合态Cd、Pb和Zn残留量,从而削减矿山土壤和污染农田土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn总环境风险达50.81%和87.13%.亚氨基二琥珀酸可有效去除污染土壤中重金属并降低残留重金属的环境风险,是一种潜在材料可用于土壤重金属污染修复.     

黄淮海地区鸡粪有机肥重金属含量特征及环境风险

本文调查黄淮海地区5省2市120种商品鸡粪有机肥样品,分析测定有机肥中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和As含量、形态分布以及浸提毒性.结果表明,有机肥中重金属含量差异较大,表现为ZnCuPbAsCd,与有机肥行业标准相比,Cd、As、Pb存在超标现象,分别为6.7%、47.05%和14.28%,不同省市间重金属含量差异明显.有机肥中Cd、Zn主要以铁锰结合态存在,分别占37.3%和43.79%(质量分数),而残渣态Pb、有机结合态Cu,交换态As比例较高.有机肥中TCLP-Zn、-Cu、-Cd、-Pb和-As含量分别为41.11、3.33、0.07、1.25和0.21 mg·kg~(-1),有机肥中Zn和Pb含量超标数为6和5个,分布在河北省和江苏省.有机肥中Zn、Cu、Cd和As总量与TCLP提取态含量存在显著相关性(P0.05).按鸡粪有机肥年施肥量15t·hm-2推算鸡粪有机肥安全使用年限:河南天津安徽=山东=江苏河北北京.     

偶氮染料酸性橙7脱色菌的分离、鉴定及其脱色性能研究

从活性污泥中筛选得到一株对偶氮染料酸性橙7(Acid Orange 7)具有高效脱色功能的菌株,根据16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定,该菌属于嗜水气单胞菌属,将其命名为Aeromonas hydrophila strain JL-1.同时,研究了该菌株对偶氮染料酸性橙7的最佳脱色条件,结果表明,菌株JL-1在缺氧振荡培养条件下能对偶氮染料酸性橙7进行有效脱色;培养基、初始染料浓度、接种量、pH和NaCl浓度等环境条件对菌株JL-1脱色性能及其生长有明显影响.pH为5.0、盐度为10%、温度为30℃、转速为150 r·min~(-1)的LB(Luria-Bertani medium)培养基为菌株JL-1最佳的脱色及生长环境;在此最佳环境条件下,菌株JL-1对100 mg·L~(-1)的偶氮染料AO7在8 h的脱色率高达95%.另外,该菌株耐盐性良好,能在高达30%盐度下依然可以进行有效的生物脱色.     

多硫化钙对铬污染土壤处理效果的长期稳定性研究

稳定化修复技术逐渐成为我国现阶段重金属污染土壤修复的主要技术,其修复后验收主要通过分析土壤重金属的浸出浓度来评价修复效果,然而该验收指标未反映土壤重金属在不同情景下的长期稳定性.本研究以经稳定化药剂多硫化钙(CPS)处理前后的某电镀厂铬(Cr)污染土壤为对象,开展多pH浸出、模拟酸雨淋溶、冻融循环和干湿交替作用下土壤重金属Cr的长期稳定性研究.结果表明:在多pH浸出实验中,稳定化处理后达标土壤(CPS-D-3)在pH大于6.92时,Cr(Ⅵ)浸出浓度大于0.05 mg·L~(-1).在整个试验模拟酸雨淋溶作用的过程中(30年),稳定化处理可以有效抑制Cr向环境中释放,CPS-D-3中的总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的累积释放量比未经稳定化处理的Cr污染土壤(CPS-D-1)分别显著减少了91.86%和99.61%.在冻融循环的过程中,稳定化处理可有效降低土壤中浸出总Cr的含量.经过15次干湿交替后CPS-D-1和CPS-D-3分别比未经过干湿交替作用时浸出总Cr浓度减少了99.96%和96.88%.多pH浸出试验可以作为检验土壤安全的较为敏感的指标,冻融循环、模拟酸雨淋溶和干湿交替评估方法可协助评价重金属的长期稳定性.