混凝-膜过滤中滤饼层对双酚A的去除强化作用研究

以聚合氯化铝(PAC)和氯化铁(FeCl3)为混凝剂,分析了双酚A(BPA)在1g/L高岭土溶液混凝过程中的特征.并借助循环错流过滤强化污染层累积的方法,评价产生滤饼层的微滤(MF)膜对BPA的截留效果.结果表明:清洁的微滤膜过滤BPA溶液在短时间内达到截留吸附饱和,之后其对BPA的吸附截留作用显著降低;混凝絮体混合液经膜过滤时产生的污染层有利于BPA的去除,且单独混凝对BPA去除率最高的混凝剂投加量下进行膜过滤时的阻力较小.PAC混凝—膜过滤后BPA去除率比单独混凝提高了34.30%;FeCl3混凝—膜过滤后BPA去除率比单独混凝提高了28.38%.初始BPA浓度对混凝-膜过滤去除率有一定影响,BPA浓度为100μg/L时,比BPA浓度为5mg/L时采用2种混凝-微滤膜过滤方式去除率均有提高.     

双酚A在湘江沉积物上的吸附特征

探讨了双酚A(BPA)在湘江沉积物上的吸附/解吸特征.结果表明,BPA在湘江沉积物上的吸附主要以快速吸附为主,Freundlich模型能较好地描述其吸附等温线,沉积物有机质中的碳黑物质和孔隙填充相引起了BPA的非线性吸附和解吸滞后行为;沉积物对BPA的吸附是一个放热过程,主要是自发的焓推动的物理吸附;随着沉积物浓度的增大,单位沉积物上的BPA吸附量减少;随着离子强度的增大,单位吸附量也随之增大;在酸性条件下,单位沉积物上的BPA吸附量随着pH值的增大而减少,在碱性条件下这种影响不显著.     

双酚A(BPA)暴露对WHHL家兔糖类和脂类代谢的影响

为利用和人类更为接近的动物模型来研究在高脂血症条件下,BPA暴露是否能促进脂类和糖类代谢异常,并探索潜在的毒性效应机制,选取渡边可遗传高脂血症家兔(WHHL)模型,通过灌胃的方式将其暴露于400μg·kg-1体重的BPA溶液长达12周。在持续暴露第8周,检测了在空腹状态下,家兔血浆中葡萄糖、胰岛素和脂肪含量的变化,并根据所得结果进行了静脉注射胰岛素耐受试验(IVTT)。在暴露第12周,同样对空腹状态下,家兔血浆中的葡萄糖,胰岛素和脂肪含量进行了检测,并测量了血压和心率。然后,将所有的家兔进行解剖,通过苏木精-伊红(HE)及糖原(PAS)染色分别对心脏和肝脏部位的脂肪及糖原蓄积情况进行了病理学切片分析。同时,检测了肝脏中与脂类和糖类代谢相关基因在m RNA水平上的表达变化。结果显示,BPA暴露8周后促使WHHL家兔发生了胰岛素抵抗现象,导致第12周血糖及胰岛素含量升高,同时也促进了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量的上升。BPA暴露第12周,暴露组WHHL家兔的冠状动脉粥样硬化损伤程度未发生明显增加,但心肌细胞发生了肿胀,胞质中出现了脂肪的蓄积,同时伴随着心律失常。肝脏重量发生增加,肝细胞中同时出现了脂肪和糖原的蓄积现象,相关基因的表达发生了显著上调。研究结果表明,BPA持续暴露可促进WHHL家兔发生脂类和糖类代谢异常,其毒性效应机制可能和胰岛素抵抗及相关基因的异常表达有关。     

Endocrine disruptors in freshwater streams of Hesse, Germany: changes in concentration levels in the time span from 2003 to 2005

Four small freshwater streams in the region known as Hessisches Ried in Germany were investigated with respect to the temporal and spatial concentration variations of the endocrine disruptors bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-tert-OP), and the technical isomer mixture of 4-nonylphenol (tech.-4-NP). Measured concentrations of the target compounds in the river water samples ranged from <20 ng/l to 1927 ng/l, <10 ng/l to 770 ng/l, and <10 ng/l to 420 ng/l for BPA, 4-tert-OP and tech.-4-NP, respectively. BPA levels were, with the exception of two samples, below the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for water organisms. Tech.-4-NP concentrations showed a significant tendency of decreasing concentrations during the sampling period. This is mainly attributed to the implementation of the European Directive 2003/53/EG, which restricts both the marketing and use of nonylphenols. Results from the analysis of additionally collected water samples from sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents indicate that the STPs cannot be the only sources for tech.-4-NP found in the river water.     

双酚A诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞上皮间质化的研究

双酚A(BPA)是一类典型的环境雌激素,能干扰机体正常内分泌系统.作为一种激素相关疾病,乳腺癌的发生发展与BPA暴露的关系已引起人们的关注.本研究旨在探讨BPA对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞上皮细胞间质化(EMT)的诱导作用.经BPA处理的MCF-7细胞,采用MTT试验检测BPA对细胞活力的影响,Transwell试验检测BPA对细胞迁移能力的影响,Real-time RT-PCR、Western Blot检测BPA对上皮型蛋白标志物E-cadherin、间质型蛋白标志物Vimentin及EMT相关转录因子Snail表达的影响.结果发现,低浓度BPA能够促进MCF-7细胞的增殖,显著增强细胞的迁移能力.BPA处理能抑制E-cadherin的表达,促进Vimentin及Snail的表达.研究结果提示,BPA处理可能通过促进Snail的表达而调控EMT相关蛋白标志物的表达,进而增强乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的迁移能力.     

纳米二氧化钛(nTiO_2)与双酚A对斜生栅藻(Scenedes-mus obliquus)的联合毒性效应

纳米二氧化钛(n Ti O2)在被人们广泛使用的同时,其潜在的环境影响也受到越来越多的关注。为深入探讨n Ti O2与环境中现有污染物的相互作用及生物效应,以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为受试生物,按照毒性单位法、相加指数法和混合毒性指数法,研究了n Ti O2与双酚A(BPA,一种常见的环境类雌激素)的联合毒性效应。结果显示,n Ti O2与BPA对S.obliquus生长的72 h半抑制浓度(EC50)分别为28.7 mg·L-1与1.81 mg·L-1。而n Ti O2与BPA共存时,在不同毒性比(4:1,3:1,2:1,1:1,1:2和1:3)下,其联合毒性作用(以BPA计)的72 h EC50值分别为2.198,1.58,1.153,0.428,0.306和0.189 mg·L-1。两者的联合毒性作用不仅仅是简单的相加,而是随着两者毒性比的变化,由拮抗作用转变为相加作用,继而转变为协同作用。这表明,n Ti O2进入环境后与现有污染物的毒性比(浓度比)可能是其联合毒性作用模式的一个重要影响因素。     

Studying developmental neurotoxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) using embryonic stem cells

There is little to no toxicity information regarding thousands of chemicals to which people are exposed daily. In fact, of the 84,000 chemicals listed in the United States Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory, there is limited information available on their effects on neural development (Betts, 2010 and US EPA, 2015). The number of chemicals tested remains low due to the high cost of conducting multi-generational animal studies and the lack of alternative testing methods.     

Assessment of Bisphenol A (BPA) neurotoxicity in vitro with mouse embryonic stem cells

The adverse effects of environmental pollution on our well-being have been intensively studied with many in vitro and in vivo systems. In our group, we focus on stem cell toxicology due to the multitude of embryonic stem cell (ESC) properties which can be exerted in toxicity assays. In fact, ESCs can differentiate in culture to mimic embryonic development in vivo, or specifically to virtually any kind of somatic cells. Here, we used the toxicant Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical known as a hazard to infants and children, and showed that our stem cell toxicology system was able to efficiently recapitulate most of the toxic effects of BPA previously detected by in vitro system or animal tests. More precisely, we demonstrated that BPA affected the proper specification of germ layers during our in vitro mimicking of the embryonic development, as well as the establishment of neural ectoderm and neural progenitor cells.     

Low dose effects and non-monotonic dose responses for endocrine active chemicals: Science to practice workshop: Workshop summary

A workshop was held in Berlin September 12–14th 2012 to assess the state of the science of the data supporting low dose effects and non-monotonic dose responses (“low dose hypothesis”) for chemicals with endocrine activity (endocrine disrupting chemicals or EDCs). This workshop consisted of lectures to present the current state of the science of EDC action and also the risk assessment process. These lectures were followed by breakout sessions to integrate scientists from various backgrounds to discuss in an open and unbiased manner the data supporting the “low dose hypothesis”. While no consensus was reached the robust discussions were helpful to inform both basic scientists and risk assessors on all the issues. There were a number of important ideas developed to help continue the discussion and improve communication over the next few years.     

潜流人工湿地去除毒死蜱、双酚A、4-壬基酚

为研究潜流人工湿地对毒死蜱、BPA及4-NP的去除效果,选取宽叶香蒲、芦苇、花叶香蒲及小香蒲4种湿地植物,通过SPE-HPLC测定进出水中3种污染物的浓度,计算4种植物潜流人工湿地对3种污染物的去除效率。结果表明,水力停留时间3 d,4组植物对毒死蜱、BPA和4-NP去除率均高于60%,各植物组对毒死蜱和4-NP的去除效果之间无显著性差异,宽叶香蒲对BPA的去除率为82.66%,显著高于其余3种植物组62.96%~69.63%。在静态条件下,毒死蜱、BPA和4-NP在模拟系统内降解过程符合一级降解动力学方程,降解方程分别为：c=124.63exp（-t/25.393）+3.7618 ①,c=316.61exp（-t/34.955）+0.56475 ②,c=168.91exp（-t/17.061）+12.133 ③（c,剩余浓度,μg/L;t,停留时间,h）,半衰期分别为18、21和11 h。