沉水植物轮叶黑藻附生细菌对双酚A的降解能力研究

沉水植物附生细菌可能具有降解转化水体中双酚A（BPA）能力从而影响该污染物在环境中的归趋.以轮叶黑藻为代表,分离筛选其BPA降解附生菌,结果共获得22株,在接种量为1×10⁸个/mL,37℃下72h对BPA的去除率为11.46%~25.06%.选择降解率最高的3株细菌B12、B14和B23,采用16S rDNA鉴定,结合生理生化反应和形态观察,3株细菌分别为属于Lysinibacillus sp.（杆菌属）,Brevibacterium sp.（短杆菌属）和Ochrobactrum sp.（苍白杆菌属）.将3株菌株添加至轮叶黑藻无菌苗体系中,发现BPA去除率显著下降（P<0.05）.物理去除部分野生轮叶黑藻表面部分附生细菌后,BPA去除率反而上升（约5%）.综合本研究结果,沉水植物附生细菌具有降解BPA的能力,但在沉水植物-附生生物体系去除BPA过程中贡献较小（约为23%,2d）,植物本身起关键作用.     

双酚A体外类雌激素活性评价及其作用机制的初步研究

采用体外MCF-7细胞增殖试验检测了双酚A(BPA)的类雌激素活性，并用生长曲线分析、细胞周期分析、他奠昔芬拮抗试验和凋亡检测对其作用机制进行了初步探讨。结果显示BPA有明显刺激MCF-7细胞增殖的类雌激素活性；细胞周期分析BPA组细胞增殖指数均明显高于溶剂对照组；BPA刺激MCF-7细胞增殖的类雌激素活性可被Tam拮抗：BPA能明显抑制MCF-7细胞凋亡的发生。结果提示BPA刺激MCF-7细胞增殖的类雌激素活性作用机制可能是BPA与雌激素受体结合后，影响细胞增殖及细胞凋亡过程，从而产生一系列生物效应。     

双酚A废水的污染状况及处理技术

介绍了环境激素———双酚A(BPA)的来源、污染状况。BPA具有环境激素效应,能够诱导人类女性乳腺癌细胞MCF-7及男性前列腺癌细胞株PC-3增殖;使哺乳动物生殖异常;并使雄性鱼体内的血浆卵黄素VTG显著提高,抑制鱼类受精卵的发育。双酚A来源广泛,在地面水与饮用水中均有检出。目前,BPA处理虽已研究过多种方法,但尚无经济有效的技术,有待继续研究开发。对混凝沉淀法处理BPA废水进行了研究。实验证明,采用FeCl3作为混凝剂处理BPA是有效的,虽去除率不高,但在废水处理工艺中对去除环境激素发挥一定作用。     

珠江三角洲两条主要河流沉积物中的典型内分泌干扰物污染状况

为了调查珠江三角洲河流沉积物中典型内分泌干扰物的污染状况,采用超声提取-衍生化-GC/MS法研究了双酚A(BPA)、雌酮(E1)、雌二醇(E2)、己烯雌酚(DES)、17α-乙炔雌二醇(EE2)、雌三醇(E3)等典型内分泌干扰物在珠江广州河段和东江东莞河段表层沉积物中的质量分数水平、分布特征,并对其来源进行了分析。结果显示,BPA在所有样品中均有检出,E1和E2的检出率分别为72%和61%,其质量分数(以干质量计)分别在14.3～429.5 ng.g-1之间(中值为79.5 ng.g-1)、<1.3～10.9ng.g-1之间(中值为3.4 ng.g-1)和<0.9～2.6 ng.g-1之间(中值为1.6 ng.g-1);其余几种雌激素均未被检出。东江东莞河段沉积物中BPA的污染水平整体高于珠江广州河段,而天然雌激素的污染状况则是珠江广州河段更为严重。3种化合物的质量分数总体呈现出沿河口方向降低的分布特征,这可能与沿岸工业废水和生活污水不规则排放以及水动力条件有关。BPA、E1、E2的质量分数均与沉积物总有机碳(TOC)质量分数呈正相关,表明有机质是控制沉积物中内分泌干扰物分布的一个重要因素。     

Determination and occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds,pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish (Morone saxatilis)

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted much attention due to widespread contamination in aquatic environment. In this study, we determined 13 EDCs and PPCPs in fish blood, bile and muscle by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were in the ranges of 0.23–2.54, 0.22–2.36 ng·mL⁻¹, and 0.24–2.57 ng·g⁻¹ dry weight (dw) for fish blood, bile and muscle, respectively. Recoveries of target compounds spiked into sample matrices and passed through the entire analytical procedure ranged from 65% to 95%, from 60% to 92% and from 62% to 91% for blood, bile and muscle, respectively. The methods were applied to the analysis of fish from a lake in California. Target compounds were relatively low in bile, and only bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac were measurable near the LOQ. Seven of 13 compounds were detected in blood, with total concentrations up to 39 ng·mL⁻¹. Only BPA was frequently found in muscle, with mean concentration of 7.26 ng·g⁻¹ dw. The estimated daily intake of BPA through fish consumption for U.S. resident was significantly lower than the tolerable daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority. This study showed that the exposure to the bisphenol A from fish diet is unlikely to pose a health risk.     

丰水期沱江水系环境内分泌干扰物分布特征

采集丰水期沱江水系德阳至泸州水样,分析6种环境内分泌干扰物的含量和分布特征。主要检出双酚A、壬基酚,双酚A的平均浓度为3.93~198 ng/L,与国内外河流浓度相比处于中等水平;壬基酚平均浓度为5.23~150 ng/L,与国外河流水平相当,但低于目前已有报道的国内河流。沱江水系中双酚A、壬基酚的分布整体均呈现出北高南低,上游高于中游、下游,干流低于支流的特征。     

Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in natural water

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment. ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants, therefore resulting in the changing of their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water system. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, exits widely in natural water. The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS (·OH, 1O2, HO2·/O2·-) which were produced on the excitation of ubiquitous constituents (such as nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes) in natural water under simulated solar radiation was investigated. Both molecular probe method and electron spin resonance (ESR) test were used for the determine the characterization of generated ROS. It was found that ·OH was photochemically produced with the presence of nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes and 1O2 was produced with the presence of humic substances. The steady-state concentrations of ·OH was 1.27×10-14 mol/L in nitrate ion, and the second-order rate constant of BPA with ·OH was 1.01×1010L/( mol·s).     

改性活性炭对水溶液中双酚-A的吸附研究

采用HNO3、NaOH及高温N2对商用炭WV A1100进行表面改性处理,并利用BET、XPS、pH.及Boehm方法对活性炭进行物化表征.结果表明,HNO3改性明显降低了W20的比表面积,增加了其表面酸性含氧官能团数量,使等电点(pHpae)由4.95降至1.50;高温N2和NaOH改性处理后炭表面化学性质变化与HNO3氧化基本相反,pHp.升至近中性,其中高温N2处理降低了43.81%的表面积.另外,活性炭对双酚-A(BPA)的吸附实验结果表明,吸附体系中溶解氧的存在不会促使BPA在W20表面发生酚氧自由基氧化耦合,并且原炭W20、高温N2和NaOH改性处理后炭对BPA的吸附等温线结果满足Langmiur模型,而HNO3改性炭的吸附行为更符合Freundlich模型,其中高温N2改性炭表现出最好的吸附BPA能力,饱和吸附量值达到了526.32mg/g,是能力最差炭(HNO3改性)的3倍,结合表征结果分析得出,在吸附体系中炭表面的憎水性和静电荷密度,是控制分子态BPA吸附过程的主要因素,即吸附主要遵循π-π理论.