Alga-lysing bioreactor and the dominant bacteria strain

Alga-lysing bacteria have been paid much attention to in recent years. In this study, the alga-lysing strain P05 which was isolated from an immobilizing biosystem was immobilized by coke and elastic filler, forming two biological reactors. The removal efficiencies of algae, NH3-N and organic matter using the two reactors were studied. The results showed that strain P05 was an ideal algal-lysing bacteria strain because it was easy to be immobilized by coke and elastic filler which are of cheap, low biodegradability and the simple immobilization procedure. After 7 d filming, the biological film could be formed and the reactors were used to treat the eutrophic water. These two reactors were of stability and high effect with low cost and easy operation. The optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of each reactor was 4 h. The algae removal rates were 80.38% and 82.1% (in term of Chl-a) of coke reactor and filler reactor, respectively. And that of NH3-N were 52.3% and 52.7%. The removal rates of CODMn were 39.03% and 39.64%. The strain P05 was identified as Bacillus sp. by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database.     

Isolation and algae-lysing characteristics of the algicidal bacterium B5

Water blooms have become a worldwide environmental problem.Recently,algicidal bacteria have attracted wide attention as possible agents for inhibiting algal water blooms.In this study,one strain of algicidal bacterium B5 was isolated from activated sludge.On the basis of analysis of its physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence,it was identified as Bacillusfusiformis.Its algae- lysing characteristics on Microcystis aeruginosa,Chlorella and Scenedesmus were tested.The results showed that:(1)the algicidal bacterium B5 is a Gram-negative bacterium.The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence homology of strain B5 with 2 strains of B.fusiformis reached 99.86%,so B5 was identified as B.fusiformis;(2)the algal-lysing effects of the algicidal bacterium B5 on M.aeruginosa, Chlorella and Scenedesmus were pronounced.The initial bacterial and algal cell densities strongly influence the removal rates of chlorophyll-α.The greater the initial bacterial cell density,the faster the degradation of chlorophyll-α.The greater the initial algal cell density,the slower the degradation of chlorophyll-α.When the bacterial cell density was 3.6 x l07 cells/ml,nearly 90% of chlorophyll-αwas removed.When the chlorophyll-αconcentration was less than 550μg/L,about 70% was removed;(3)the strain B5 lysed algae by secreting metabolites and these metabolites could bear heat treatment.     

带菌盐藻对不同形态砷的富集和转化研究

自然环境中藻和菌多是共生的,藻菌共生体对污染环境修复具有较好的应用前景.本研究通过16S rRNA序列分析方法从带菌盐藻中分离鉴定出1株芽胞杆菌(Bacillus solisalsi),并测定了不同浓度的亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]和砷酸盐[(As(Ⅴ)]胁迫13 d后,带菌盐藻对砷的吸收、吸附、转化情况以及培养液中的砷含量及其形态.结果表明,无菌盐藻对砷的耐性较强,在250μmol·L-1和500μmol·L-1As(Ⅲ)胁迫下,砷含量分别为3.78 g·kg-1和4.56 g·kg-1,但是培养液中的砷含量仅下降7.9%~8.3%,Bacillus solisalsi单独除砷的能力也不强(去除率为6.1%~19.9%).盐藻及其共生菌协同除砷的能力较强,25~100μmol·L-1As(Ⅲ)处理下能吸收0.99~2.79 g·kg-1的砷,25~500μmol·L-1As(Ⅴ)处理下能吸收1.22~3.46 g·kg-1的砷.25~100μmol·L-1As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)胁迫下砷去除率均在54.3%以上.带菌盐藻可以通过As(Ⅲ)氧化、As(Ⅴ)还原、As(Ⅲ)甲基化和排出胞外等途径降低砷的毒害.     

Improvement of production of lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A using fish protein

To enhance the production of lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A, nutrient contents of the culture mediums were investigated in both submerged and biofilm fermentations. As a carbon source maltose and as nitrogen source, fish protein was used. In submerged fermentation maltose uptake was found lower (12%) compared to biofilm fermentation (15%) that was associated with higher cellular growth in biofilm. However, requirement of nitrogen (fish protein) concentration was found similar in both submerged and biofilm fermentations. Production of iturin A in submerged fermentation with 12% maltose and 5% fish protein was 4450 mg/L, and in biofilm fermentation it was 5050 mg/L when 15% maltose and 5% fish protein was used.     

Bt肠毒素基因与plcR基因的相关性及肠毒素对小鼠的急性毒性

用PCR方法检测溶血肠毒素BL、肠毒素T和肠毒素S三种肠毒素基因(hblA、becT、entS)及毒素调控基因plcR在30株苏云金芽胞杆菌株(Bt)中的分布.结果表明,含有hblA基因、entS基因、becT基因及plcR基因片段的Bt菌株分别占66.7%、70%、70%和73.3%.其中,含有plcR基因的菌株都至少含有一种肠毒素基因,不含肠毒素基因的菌株也未检测到plcR基因,说明plcR基因与肠毒素基因有着密切的关系.用3个Bt菌株WB9、HD2和HD9(都含有hblA、becT、entS和plcR基因片段,HD2和HD9经RPLA与TECRA肠毒素检测试剂盒检测具有高滴度)对小白鼠进行口服急性毒性试验.结果表明,所有3种供试菌株的发酵上清液对小白鼠行为和健康没有明显影响,对内部器官(心、肝、肺等)也没有产生病理现象.图5表3参14     

Enhancement of MK-7 synthesis by engineered strains of Bacillus subtilis natto that overexpress men genes and by increasing available dissolved oxygen北大核心CSCD

In recent years, researchers have discovered novel physiological functions of vitamin K2. In addition to promoting blood clotting, it can prevent osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease and is expected to treat some tumors and Parkinson’s disease. Bacillus subtilis natto is a probiotic that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as a bioproducer of vitamin K2. Its product’s main form is MK-7, which has a long half-life in the human body and high bioavailability. Bacillus subtilis natto displays great potential for large-scale biological preparation of vitamin K2. In this study, the Sipizizen method of Bacillus subtilis transformation was optimized to make it suitable for molecular transformation of Bacillus subtilis natto. Vectors for overexpression of all 8 genes involved in the menadione synthetic pathway were constructed, and changes in MK-7 fermentation yield after transformation of Bacillus subtilis natto were investigated. Three enzymes were found to exert significant effects on MK-7 synthesis, namely isopentenyltransferase (MenA), 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA synthase (MenB), and nornaphthoquinone methyltransferase (MenG). A modified strain (BN-pABG) with higher MK-7 productivity was obtained by concerted overexpression of menA, menB, and menG. In a 5 L bioreactor, MK-7 synthesis was further enhanced by optimizing oxygen supply. The final yield of MK-7 from the modified strain was 62.21 mg/L, 1.26 times higher than that of the original strain. These results show that combined overexpression of menA, menB, and menG strongly promotes MK-7 synthesis by Bacillus subtilis natto, and optimizing the oxygen supply conditions also promotes more robust MK-7 synthesis. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Biotransformation of phenolics with laccase containing bacterial spores

Treatment of effluents containing phenols such as textile dyes with fungal laccases is usually limited to the acid to neutral pH range and moderate temperatures. Here we demonstrate for the first time that spore-bound laccases which are stable at high temperatures and pH values can be used for phenolic dye decolorisation. Laccase containing spores from Bacillus SF were immobilized on alumina pellets. Both immobilized and free spores were able to completely decolorize the common textile dyes Mordant Black 9, Mordant Brown 96/Mordant Brown 15, and Acid Blue 74 within 90 min of incubation time and decolorized solutions were successfully used in re-dyeing.     

一株镉超积累植物东南景天特异内生细菌的筛选及鉴定

以我国原生的镉超积累植物东南景天为材料,从其根部筛选到4株对镉具有耐性的内生菌株,它们均可产生生长素(IAA)、铁载体等促生物质.砂培试验发现,接种上述菌株能促进油菜植株的生长,提高植物对镉的积累量,其中,以菌株SaN1的作用效果最显著,可使油菜苗期地上部的生物量和镉积累量分别提高18.6%和45%.生理生化鉴定与16S rDNA分析证明,SaN1为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterum);该菌株接种到LB液体培养基后,12 h进入对数生长期,42 h达到稳定生长期,54 h进入衰亡期;其最佳培养温度为30℃,最适pH为中性.     

磺胺类耐药菌中抗性基因sul的表达规律

抗生素环境污染是影响抗生素抗性基因传播和扩散的主要因素,然而关于抗生素耐药菌在抗生素暴露下抗性基因的表达机制研究甚少。本研究利用RT-PCR方法检测了土壤中优势耐药菌菌株炭疽芽孢杆菌(Bacillus anthracis SYN201,G+)和弗氏志贺菌菌株(Shigella flexneri NJJN802,G-)在含有不同浓度磺胺类药物的培养基中生长不同时间后抗性基因(sul 1、sul 2、sul 3)的表达变化。结果发现:无论培养基中是否存在磺胺类药物,菌株SYN201和NJJN802中的3种磺胺类抗性基因均分别在培养的第72小时或36小时出现一个明显的表达峰,而在其他培养时间下不表达或表达量处于相对极低的水平;磺胺嘧啶的存在有助于提高菌株在此特征表达时间下抗性基因的表达水平,与未加磺胺嘧啶组相比,暴露于磺胺嘧啶(60μg·m L~(-1))组的sul 1、sul 2和sul 3在菌株SYN201中的相对表达量分别提高了2.5、4.8和3.2倍,而在菌株NJJN802中的相对表达量分别提高了3.7、6.0和5.0倍。通过将耐药菌暴露于不同磺胺嘧啶浓度下考察sul基因相对表达情况,研究发现随着培养基中磺胺嘧啶浓度的升高(0~1 024μg·m L~(-1)),菌株SYN201和NJJN802中sul基因的表达量整体上呈现出明显的上升趋势。本研究对揭示磺胺耐药菌的抗性表达规律及抗生素暴露对其抗性表达发挥的作用具有重要意义。     

餐厨废水中解磷菌、固氮菌及解钾菌的互作效应研究

针对餐厨垃圾无害化和资源化处理过程中产生的餐厨垃圾废水处理难题,探讨餐厨垃圾废水用作发酵基制备复合液态菌肥过程中菌株间的互作效应。将解磷菌、固氮菌及解钾菌在餐厨废水中单独和混合接种,通过测定菌悬液细胞密度的变化来研究它们之间的互作效应。研究表明,在餐厨垃圾废水中解磷巨大芽孢杆菌对圆褐固氮菌有促进作用,与解钾芽孢杆菌之间存在拮抗作用,同时圆褐固氮菌与解钾芽孢杆菌之间亦存在拮抗作用,3个菌株的混合培养中解磷巨大芽孢杆菌为优势菌种。研究结果同时显示,利用餐厨垃圾废水可以制备合格的复合菌肥。