细菌X07吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

从不同来源的样品中分离出一株吸附Cr(Ⅵ)较强的菌株X07,经鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus.cereus)。通过吸附实验探讨了X07死菌体对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性,结果表明,X07死菌体吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的最适pH值为6.0;其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)是一个快速、非温度依赖过程,吸附50min达到饱和,在最初的5min内,吸附量达到最大吸附量的76.8%;菌体浓度的增加有利于对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附:其吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型,在试验的条件下,对Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附容量为146.9mg/g干菌体。     

好氧反硝化芽孢杆菌筛选及其反硝化特性

从对虾养殖池塘中筛选出多株具有好氧反硝化性能的芽孢杆菌,其中芽孢杆菌YX-6能够在14 h内将ρ(亚硝酸盐氮)由10 mg/L降至0;ρ(DO)为5.2～5.8 mg/L时,该菌对亚硝酸盐氮的去除率接近100%.试验选取具有降氮功能的芽孢杆菌作为阳性对照菌,比较研究了芽孢杆菌YX-6在不同pH,温度,ρ(亚硝酸盐氮)和盐度时的好氧反硝化性能.结果表明,芽孢杆菌YX-6的好氧反硝化性能显著高于阳性对照菌(P<0.05).通过对芽孢杆菌YX-6的形态学观察、生理生化及16S rDNA分子鉴定,初步鉴定其为凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)      

利用城市污泥生产苏云金杆菌生物农药

用城市污水污泥和经酸水解后的城市污泥作为培养基发酵苏云金杆菌Bacillusthringiensis(B.t),与常规的黄豆粉培养基作比较.检测B.t发酵液的pH值变化,总细胞数及活孢子数以及在发酵48h后,用2龄家蚕作试虫比较3种发酵液的生物毒性.结果表明,用污泥培养的B.t总细胞数及活孢子数略低于黄豆粉培养基生产的B.t,但两者的细菌总数都在同一数量级,差别不显著.用污泥培养B.t,芽孢大量形成109个/mL的时间,比用黄豆粉培养基生产的B.t约提前10h,发酵周期明显缩短.生物毒性实验表明用污泥培养的B.t孢晶混合液比用黄豆粉生产的B.t孢晶混合液毒性高,在相同的稀释倍数下,家蚕的死亡率提高了10%,酸水解污泥毒性略差.     

Anaerobic benzene biodegradation by a pure bacterial culture of Bacillus cereus under nitrate reducing conditions

A pure culture using benzene as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated by screening procedure from gasoline contaminated soil. The analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence, morphological and physiological characteristics showed that the isolated strain was a member of genus Bacillus cereus. The biodegradation performance of benzene by B. cereus was evaluated, and the results showed that benzene could be e ciently biodegraded when the initial benzene concentration was below 150 mg/L. The metabolites of anaerobic nitrate-dependent benzene oxidation by strain B. cereus were identified as phenol and benzoate. The results of substrate interaction between binary combinations for benzene, phenol and benzoate showed that the simultaneous presence of benzene stimulated the degradation of benzoate, whereas the addition of benzene inhibited the degradation of phenol. Benzene degradation by B. cereus was enhanced by the addition of phenol and benzoate, the enhanced e ects were more pronounced at higher concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the isolated bacterial culture of B. cereus can e ciently degraded benzene under nitrate reducing conditions.     

Combination eect of pH and acetate on enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis

The productivity and eciency of cellulase are significant in cellulose hydrolysis. With the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the pH value in anaerobic digestion system is reduced. Therefore, this study will find out how the pH and the amount of acetate inuence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The eects of pH and acetate on cellulase produced from Bacillus coagulans were studied at various pH 5-8, and acetate concentrations (0-60 mmol/L). A batch kinetic model for enzymatic cellulose hydrol...     

丙酯草醚降解菌CY的分离、鉴定及其降解特性

采用富集培养的方法,从施用过丙酯草醚除草剂的油菜田中分离筛选出5株以丙酯草醚（ZJ0273）为唯一生长碳源和能源的菌株,选其中降解率高的菌株CY进行研究.根据其生理生化和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,鉴定其为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillussp.）.根据对CY的初步研究和简单优化,菌株CY在30 d内对50mg.L^...     

反应条件对苛求芽孢杆菌胞内尿酸酶与嘌呤衍生物作用的影响

用底物尿酸的紫外吸收变化跟踪反应,用单或双底物米氏方程和初速度估算苛求芽孢杆菌胞内尿酸酶最大反应速度,按Arrenius经验公式得到该尿酸酶在pH 9.2和pH 7.4的活化能,但这些活化不能解释其在两个pH下的催化活性差异.该酶同常见嘌呤衍生物氧嗪酸、黄嘌呤和尿酸有亲和力,但对尿酸亲和力最低,且亲和力与嘌呤衍生物解离成阴离子的能力相关.在生理条件下,该酶对尿酸的亲和力相对于最适条件有显著下降.据此推测,优化静电相互作用选择性增强该酶对尿酸的亲和力是提高其成药性的可能措施之一.     

Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic Bacillus shackletonii K5 from a biotrickling filter for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate

Polyhydroxyalkanoates（PHAs） are aliphatic polyesters accumulated intracellularly by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. However, compared to the PHAs of Gramnegative bacteria, few endotoxins（lipopolysaccharides, LPS）, which would be co-purified with PHAs and cause immunogenic reactions, are found in the PHAs produced by Gram-positive bacteria. A thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium K5, which exhibited good growth and polyhydroxybutyrate（PHB）-accumulating ability, has been isolated and characterized from a biotrickling filter designed for the removal of NOx from flue gas in a coal-fired power plant in China. Based on the biochemical characterization and 16 S rRNA gene sequence（Genbank accession no. JX437933）, the strain K5 has been identified as Bacillus shackletonii, which has rarely been reported in the literature, and this report is the first time that B. shackletonii has been found to accumulate PHB. The strain K5 was able to utilize glucose as carbon source to synthesize PHB at a broad range of temperatures（from 35 to 50 °C）, and the ideal temperature was 45 °C. The strain K5 could effectively yield PHB of up to 69.9% of its cell dry weight（CDW）（2.28 g/L） in flask experiments employing glucose as carbon source at 45 °C, followed by 56.8% and 52.3% of its CDW when using sodium succinate and glycerol as carbon source, respectively. For batch cultivation, the strain K5 was able to produce PHB of up to 72.6% of its cell dry weight（9.76 g/L） employing glucose as carbon source at 45 °C and pH 7.0.     

Investigation of UV-TiO2 photocatalysis and its mechanism in Bacillus subtilis spore inactivation

The inactivation levels of Bacillus subtilis spores for various disinfection processes （ultraviolet （UV）, TiO2 and UV-TiO2） were compared. The results showed that the inactivation effect of B. subtilis spores by UV treatment alone was far below that for bacteria without endospores. TiO2 alone in the dark, as a control experiment, exhibited almost no inactivation effect. Compared with UV treatment alone, the inactivation effect increased significantly with the addition of TiO2. Increases of the UV irradiance and Ti02 concentration both contributed to the increase of the inactivation effect. Lipid peroxidation was found to be the underlying mechanism of inactivation. Malondialdehyde （MDA）, the degradation product of lipid peroxidation, was used as an index to determine the extent of the reaction. The MDA concentration surged surprisingly to 3.24 nmol/mg dry cell with the combination disinfection for 600 see （0.10 mW/cm2 irradiance and 10 mg/L TiO2）. In contrast, for UV alone or TiO2 in the dark, the MDA concentration was 0.38 and 0.25 nmol/mg dry cell, respectively, under the same conditions. This indicated that both UV and TiO2 were essential for lipid peroxidation. Changes in cell ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell membrane was heavily damaged and cellular contents were completely lysed with the UV-TiO2 process, suggesting that lipid peroxidation was the root of the enhancement in inactivation efficiency.     

Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp.F19

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp.(named MBFF19) with respect to pH,incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ),and biosorbent dose was studied.Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent.The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8.Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min.The correlation coeffcient of mor...