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21.
Krishna R. Reddy Hiroshan Hettiarachchi Janardhanan Gangathulasi Jean E. Bogner 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(11):2275-2286
This paper presents the results of laboratory investigation conducted to determine the variation of geotechnical properties of synthetic municipal solid waste (MSW) at different phases of degradation. Synthetic MSW samples were prepared based on the composition of MSW generated in the United States and were degraded in bioreactors with leachate recirculation. Degradation of the synthetic MSW was quantified based on the gas composition and organic content, and the samples exhumed from the bioreactor cells at different phases of degradation were tested for the geotechnical properties. Hydraulic conductivity, compressibility and shear strength of initial and degraded synthetic MSW were all determined at constant initial moisture content of 50% on wet weight basis. Hydraulic conductivity of synthetic MSW was reduced by two orders of magnitude due to degradation. Compression ratio was reduced from 0.34 for initial fresh waste to 0.15 for the mostly degraded waste. Direct shear tests showed that the fresh and degraded synthetic MSW exhibited continuous strength gain with increase in horizontal deformation, with the cohesion increased from 1 kPa for fresh MSW to 16–40 kPa for degraded MSW and the friction angle decreased from 35° for fresh MSW to 28° for degraded MSW. During the triaxial tests under CU condition, the total strength parameters, cohesion and friction angle, were found to vary from 21 to 57 kPa and 1° to 9°, respectively, while the effective strength parameters, cohesion and friction angle varied from 18 to 56 kPa and from 1° to 11°, respectively. Similar to direct shear test results, as the waste degrades an increase in cohesion and slight decrease in friction angle was observed. Decreased friction angle and increased cohesion with increased degradation is believed to be due to the highly cohesive nature of the synthetic MSW. Variation of synthetic MSW properties from this study also suggests that significant changes in geotechnical properties of MSW can occur due to enhanced degradation induced by leachate recirculation. 相似文献
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Yao-Cheng Lee Yung-Chin Yang Wen-Tong Chong 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(14):1501-1506
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are one of the bioreactors that produce electrons by metabolizing substrate from microorganisms, and have the ability to both degrade waste solution and produce electrons. Recently, the activity of microorganisms has limited the power performance of MFCs. Chaos has been used to stimulate activity of microorganisms, but it has not been used previously in MFCs. In this study, three types of acclimations – native acclimation (NA), MFC acclimation (MFCA), and MFC embedded with chaotic electric field acclimation (CMFCA) – are applied to realize their performance and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in MFCs, respectively. Results show that the current density and the power density of CMFCA were improved by 1.33 and 1.25 times than MFCA, and the COD removal of CMFCA reached 85% after five days. In addition, the acclimation stage at the condition of CMFCA appeared after 10 days, but was not found for the MFCA system. These observations would provide positive information for improving the performance of MCFs in the future. 相似文献
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膜生物反应器的技术研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综合论述了膜生物反应器的设计方法,包括确定最佳水力停留时间、污泥停留时间、污泥浓度,经济性分析. 相似文献
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污泥浓度对膜生物反应器运行效果的影响分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
考察了膜生物反应器处理洗浴废水时 ,污泥浓度对出水水质及膜通量的影响。结果表明 ,尽管试验中污泥沉降性能较差 ,但当污泥浓度大于 2 30 0mg/L时 ,出水仍能达到《城市污水再生利用 城市杂用水水质标准》(GB/T1892 0 -2 0 0 2 ) ;出水COD随污泥浓度升高而降低 ;膜通量与污泥浓度的对数值呈线性关系。由于处理效果和膜通量两方面的因素 ,对于本试验中的原水 ,MLSS的适宜范围为 2 30 0~ 5 0 0 0mg/L。 相似文献
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应用膜生物反应器处理屠宰废水的中试研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本中试验证用膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺处理肉联厂屠宰废水结果,经过 10 0d的连续稳定运行,分析测定膜出水的化学需氧量、生物需氧量、浊度、悬浮物、氨氮、细菌总数、大肠菌群数等,结果表明:出水水质指标达到国家 肉类加工工业废水污染排放标准 ,经过进一步消毒,其水质指标可达到建设部的中水回用标准。 相似文献
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Valencia R den Hamer D Komboi J Lubberding HJ Gijzen HJ 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(2):940-945
Co-disposal of septic tank sludge had a positive effect on the municipal solid waste (MSW) stabilisation process in Bioreactor Landfill simulators. Co-disposal experiments were carried out using the Bioreactor Landfill approach aiming to solve the environmental problems caused by indiscriminate and inadequate disposal of MSW and especially of septic tank sludge. The simulator receiving septic tank sludge exhibited a 200 days shorter lag-phase as compared to the 350 days required by the control simulator to start the exponential biogas production. Additionally, the simulator with septic sludge apparently retained more moisture (>60% w/w), which enhanced the overall conversion of organic matter hence increasing the biogas production (0.60 m3 biogas kg(-1)VS(converted)) and removal efficiency of 60% for VS from the simulator. Alkaline pH values (pH>8.5) did not inhibit the biogas production; moreover it contributed to reduce partially the negative effects of NH(4)(+) (>2 g L(-1)) due to NH(3) volatilisation thus reducing the nitrogen content of the residues. Associated risks and hazards with septage disposal were practically eliminated as total coliform and faecal coliform contents were reduced by 99% and 100%, respectively at the end of the experiment. These results indicate that co-disposal has two direct benefits, including the safe and environmentally sound disposal of septic tank sludge and an improvement of the overall performance of the Bioreactor Landfill by increasing moisture retention and supplying a more acclimatised bacterial population. 相似文献
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Decolorization of 100 μM malachite green (MG) by Coriolus versicolor f. antarcticus using a two-phase bioreactor, was investigated. In the first phase the decolorization ability of this fungus, growing under conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF), was proved; in the second phase the capacity of the enzymes present in extracts from the solid residues was exploited. During the first phase using the same culture in the bioreactor, five consecutive charges were made, each with 75 ml of 100 μM MG solution, at 28 °C. Each cycle ended when MG solution reached a decolorization of 50%, at this time the bioreactor was discharged to a stainless steel coil at 50 °C, initiating the second phase of decolorization. Time required in order to reach 50% decolorization during the first phase varied between 25 and 65 min, with an average retention time of 48 min. The second stage had a retention time of 120 min. Residual MG after this phase varied from 0% to 6.3%. The role of laccase and Mn-peroxidase in MG decolorization is discussed. Toxicity of MG solutions before and after decolorization treatments was assayed using Lumbriculus variegatus as test organism. 相似文献
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Karthikeyan OP Swati M Nagendran R Joseph K 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):141-151
Emissions from landfills via leachate and gas are influenced by state and stability of the organic matter in the solid waste
and the environmental conditions within the landfill. This paper describes a modified, ecologically sound waste treatment
technique, where municipal solid waste is anaerobically treated in a lysimeter-scale landfill bioreactor with leachate recirculation
to enhance organic degradation. The results demonstrate a substantial decrease in organic matter (BOD 99%, COD 88% and TOC
81%) and a clear decrease in nutrient concentrations especially ammonia (85%) over a period of 1 year with leachate recirculation. 相似文献