基于物联网的麦积山石窟环境监测系统应用分析

简述了麦积山彩色泥塑佛像及壁画文物保护与管理监测,以及物联网技术构建文物保护微环境监测系统。针对麦积山石窟环境监测现状和存在的问题,分析了基于物联网应用的监测和传感技术在石窟实施全覆盖、实时监控的方式,以及其优势和可行性。     

G C/MS法测定环境空气中痕量POPs类有机氯农药及降解产物

采用快速溶剂萃取-氟罗里硅土柱净化-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定环境空气中POPs类有机氯农药及其降解产物.艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、六六六、滴滴涕,七氯、氯丹、灭蚁灵及其降解产物的检出限为2.0 ng～4.6 ng,空白加标回收率为62.1%～118%,RSD为6.8%～15.2%.     

Sustainable consumption in Brazil: Identification of preliminary requirements to guide product development and the definition of public policies

Sustainable product development is closely related to sustainable consumption. The understanding of consumers' purchase, use and discard behaviours may facilitate the identification of requirements to guide manufacturers in the development of sustainable goods and services. The aim of this paper is to investigate consumers' perception about factors that motivate or discourage the consumption of sustainable products to identify demands and convert them into requirements. South Brazilian green and traditional consumers were asked to complete an exploratory qualitative questionnaire. Their answers were organized and compared to identify differences and similarities between the demands of these two groups. Furthermore, demands were converted into requirements for packages, products, manufactures, stores planning and discard systems. The interpretation of factors that motivate or discourage the purchase of sustainable products given by interviewees led to the creation of a list of possible public policies or programmes, aiming to support sustainable consumption. The results demonstrate the necessity of further quantitative investigation between consumer groups, for validation purposes.     

Potential of acid activated clays in the clarification of menhaden stickwater

Abstract

The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the feasibility of using acid activated clays to clarify menhaden stickwater effluent. Experiments, such as physical and chemical properties determinations, effect of changes in pH and temperature and coagulation, and coagulation followed by clay treatment were also performed to study the separation of solids in stickwater.

Analysis of the stickwater showed that it contained 4.5% crude protein, 1.4% crude fat, 6.5% total solids, 1.13% ash and 93.1% water. At a wavelength of 575 um, the sample absorbed all the light and the percent transmittance was zero. When diluted 1:100 the percent transmittance was 0.39 at the same wavelength. Measured at 25°C the sample had a viscosity of 9.0 centipoises.

The results showed that the precipitation of fat increased with increasing temperatures, while the reverse was true for protein. A pH of 4.0 gave the maximum clarification at all temperatures employed. The viscosity decreased at pH values above and below the original pH of the sample.

Among the four different acid activated clays used in this study (trade names Supact‐150, Impact‐150, Impact‐12 and Impact‐1OORR), Impact‐150 was the most effective in protein and fat precipitation, and the degree of separation of these components increased by treating stickwater with a coagulant (aluminum sulfate) prior to treatment with acid activated clay.     

Value of information in product recovery decisions: a Bayesian approach

There is a widespread recognition of the need for better information sharing and provision to improve the viability of end-of-life (EOL) product recovery operations. The emergence of automated data capture and sharing technologies such as RFID, sensors and networked databases has enhanced the ability to make product information; available to recoverers, which will help them make better decisions regarding the choice of recovery option for EOL products. However, these technologies come with a cost attached to it, and hence the question ‘what is its value?’ is critical. This paper presents a probabilistic approach to model product recovery decisions and extends the concept of Bayes' factor for quantifying the impact of product information on the effectiveness of these decisions. Further, we provide a quantitative examination of the factors that influence the value of product information, this value depends on three factors: (i) penalties for Type I and Type II errors of judgement regarding product quality; (ii) prevalent uncertainty regarding product quality and (iii) the strength of the information to support/contradict the belief. Furthermore, we show that information is not valuable under all circumstances and derive conditions for achieving a positive value of information.     

A user evaluation of biodegradable cutlery

This paper summarizes a study evaluating the acceptance and perceived performance of disposable cutlery made from starch-based biodegradable resins relative to nondegradable polystyrene cutlery. Two hundred forty-three sailors onboard three U.S. Navy vessels ate their lunch using either biodegradable cutlery made with resins manufactured by one of two commercial companies or polystyrene cutlery. The cutlery was rated on several sensory and performance dimensions as well as for overall acceptability. Results indicated that sailors rated both the biodegradable and the polystyrene utensils as easy to hold. There were also no differences in the perceived ease of using each of the spoons. However, compared to the polystyrene utensils, both types of biodegradable utensils were viewed as less sturdy, as having a less attractive color, and as being less acceptable overall. The biodegradable forks and knives were also rated as more difficult to use for piercing and cutting food than the polystyrene ones. In addition, several significant differences emerged between the two types of biodegradable cutlery. The results are discussed in terms of the need for continued consumer testing of products developed from biodegradable polymeric materials.     

Woody plant roots fail to penetrate a clay-lined landfill: Managment implications

In many locations, regulatory agencies do not permit tree planting above landfills that are sealed with a capping clay, because roots might penetrate the clay barrier and expose landfill contents to leaching. We find, however, no empirical or theoretical basis for this restriction, and instead hypothesize that plant roots of any kind are incapable of penetrating the dense clays used to seal landfills. As a test, we excavated 30 trees and shrubs, of 12 species, growing over a clay-lined municipal sanitary landfill on Staten Island, New York. The landfill had been closed for seven years, and featured a very shallow (10 to 30-cm) soil layer over a 45-cm layer of compacted grey marl (Woodbury series) clay. The test plants had invaded naturally from nearby forests. All plants examined—including trees as tall as 6 m—had extremely shallow root plates, with deformed tap roots that grew entirely above and parallel to the clay layer. Only occasional stubby feeder roots were found in the top 1 cm of clay, and in clay cracks at depths to 6 cm, indicating that the primary impediment to root growth was physical, although both clay and the overlying soil were highly acidic. These results, if confirmed by experimental research should lead to increased options for the end use of many closed sanitary landfills.     

玉.玉文化.旅游

开发旅游新产品，是促进我国旅游业不断迈上新台阶需要研究解决的问题之一。本文通过作者实施踏勘和检索有关文献，阐述了玉的种类及其主要产地的状况，并揭示它新蕴涵的文化内容。     

THE OPTIMAL TIME TO START THE OPERATION OF A DESALTING PLANT IN ISRAEL1

The study contains the methodology of finding the optimal time to start the operation of a desalting plant or any other non conventional source of water for agricultural use in Israel. The essence of the methodology is the moving equilibrium price and quantity of agricultural products. The market of agricultural products is represented by a single demand curve and a supply curve which is derived from the agricultural sector production function. Both the demand for and the supply of agricultural products functions are shifting over time. The marginal value product of water is the critical value that determines the optimal time of a desalting plant. The study is static in the sense that dynamic aspects per se are not dealt with-e.g. learning by doing of building and operating desalting plants. The empirical results although used for illustrative purposes can be used as reference points for other detailed and more ‘exact’ studies on water desalination.