腐殖酸作用下沉积物中纳米氧化铜对铜锈环棱螺生态毒性的影响

为了探讨不同水平腐殖酸作用下沉积物中纳米氧化铜(CuO-NPs)对底栖生物生态毒理学效应的影响,以铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)为受试生物,通过腐殖酸和CuO-NPs加标沉积物的慢性(28 d)生物测试,研究了肝胰脏中Cu的生物积累、Na+K+-ATP酶(ATPase)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化规律.结果表明,在低浓度CuO-NPs处理组(60 μg·g1),沉积物中腐殖酸水平对Cu的生物积累以及ATPase、SOD和CAT活性均没有显著影响.在中、高浓度CuO-NPs处理组(≥180 μg·g-1),Cu的生物积累均随腐殖酸水平的增加而显著升高;肝胰脏ATPase活性随腐殖酸水平的增加而显著下降;当腐殖酸水平为0.05 g·g-1时,SOD活性显著高于未添加腐殖酸组,表现为显著诱导,当腐殖酸水平≥0.1g·g-1时,SOD活性开始下降,并具有浓度依赖性;随腐殖酸水平的增加,肝胰脏CAT活性总体上表现为浓度依赖性显著下降.由于沉积物中腐殖酸的存在,显著增加CuO-NPs在沉积物中的分散稳定性,更容易被铜锈环棱螺摄取,从而通过增加CuO-NPs的生物积累而增强对铜锈环棱螺的生态毒性.     

氧化铜催化五氯苯生成二英的研究

研究在加热条件下,五氯苯在CuO表面催化生成二英（PCDD/Fs）的过程.结果表明,在200～350℃,PCDD/Fs的生成量随温度的升高而增加;在350～450℃,PCDD/Fs的生成量随温度的升高而减少.温度较低时（200～250℃）,生成的PCDD/Fs以高氯取代同系物为主;温度较高时（400～450℃）,则以低氯取代的同系物为主.但温度的改变并没有引起同一氯取代度PCDD/Fs中的异构体分布模式发生规律性变化.通过比较400℃条件下CuO催化五氯苯生成PCDD/Fs与CuO催化OCDD/F的脱氯降解情况,推测了五氯苯生成PCDD/Fs的途径.低氯取代的PCDDs可能主要来源于五氯苯生成的高氯取代PCDDs的进一步脱氯降解.而PCDFs则主要由五氯苯脱氯降解生成的低氯取代产物直接缩合生成.     

Effect of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different CuO particle size on selective catalytic oxidation of N,N-Dimethylformamide

● A series of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts were tested for DMF selective catalytic oxidation. ● Cu-6 nm samples showed the best catalytic activity and N₂ selectivity. ● Redox properties and chemisorbed oxygen impact on DMF catalytic oxidation. ● Isolated Cu²⁺ species and weak acidity have effects on the generation of N₂. N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a nitrogen-containing volatile organic compound (NVOC) with high emissions from the spray industry, has attracted increasing attention. In this study, Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different CuO particle sizes of 3, 6, 9 and 12 nm were synthesized and tested for DMF selective catalytic oxidation. The crystal structure and physicochemical properties of the catalyst were studied by various characterization methods. The catalytic activity increases with increasing CuO particle size, and complete conversion can be achieved at 300–350 °C. The Cu-12 nm catalyst has the highest catalytic activity and can achieve complete conversion at 300 °C. The Cu-6 nm sample has the highest N₂ selectivity at lower temperatures, reaching 95% at 300 °C. The activity of the catalysts is determined by the surface CuO cluster species, the bulk CuO species and the chemisorbed surface oxygen species. The high N₂ selectivity of the catalyst is attributed to the ratio of isolated Cu²⁺ and bulk CuO species, and weak acidity is beneficial to the formation of N₂. The results in this work will provide a new design of NVOC catalytic oxidation catalysts.     

CuO活化过硫酸盐对孔雀石绿的降解

为研究CuO在活化过一硫酸氢盐（PMS）与过二硫酸盐（PS）降解染料时的差异,通过单因素控制实验,探究PMS/PS浓度、CuO投加量、初始pH和氯离子对CuO/PMS和CuO/PS体系降解孔雀石绿染料（MG）的影响。结果表明：常温常压下,在MG初始浓度为10 μmol·L-1,PMS浓度为250 μmol·L-1,CuO投加量为200 mg·L-1的条件下,60 min后CuO/PMS体系对MG的降解率为86.73%;当MG初始浓度为10 μmol·L-1,PS浓度为200 μmol·L-1,CuO投加量为200 mg·L-1时,60 min后CuO/PS体系对MG的降解率为79.07%,过量的CuO和过低的pH均会降低体系的氧化能力。当MG初始浓度为10 μmol·L-1,氧化剂浓度为200 μmol·L-1,CuO投加量为200 mg·L-1时,CuO/PMS体系与CuO/PS体系对MG降解率分别为80.35%和79.07%,降解效果大致相当。在地下水/工业废水中氯离子普遍存在情况下,CuO/PS体系由于不产生硫酸根自由基,则避免了氯代副产物的生成,因而相对硫酸根自由基氧化体系具有一定优势。动力学分析显示,两种体系中MG的降解均遵循一级反应动力学模型。     

活性焦表面性质对CUO/AC脱硫性能的影响

分别以不同浓度的硝酸处理活性焦载体,采用硝酸铜溶液浸渍法制备CuO/AC催化剂,利用BET、FT-IR和XRD等方法对载体及催化剂进行表征.考察了不同浓度的硝酸处理对活性焦载体性质的影响,并对制得的催化剂的脱硫性能进行了比较.结果表明,活性焦经过硝酸处理后孔结构参数变化很小,而表面含氧酸性官能团的含量有了很大的提高,使...     

纳米CuO在染料中间体间氯甲苯工业废水处理中的应用

采用水热法合成纳米氧化铜,并对产物进行XRD和TEM分析。以纳米CuO为催化剂,高压汞灯为光源,对染料中间体间氯甲苯工业废水进行光催化降解。考察了CuO用量、pH值、反应时间等因素对COD去除率的影响,通过正交实验确定了各因素对废水COD去除率影响的顺序是：光照时间〉溶液pH值〉CuO用量;得出最佳降解条件：CuO用量...     

从废甲醇合成催化剂中回收铜锌

将废RK-05甲醇合成催化剂经过煅烧、浸取、精制等工序回收其中的铜和锌。经正交实验得到煅烧废催化剂的最优工艺参数为:废催化剂筛目100目,煅烧温度950℃,煅烧时间60 min。最佳浸取工艺条件为:废催化剂加入量约4 g/L,浸取温度75℃,浸取剂用量与理论用量体积比2.0~3.0,浸取剂浓度4.0 mol/L,浸取时间10min。精制工序制备CuO的最佳工艺条件为:锌粒与滤渣质量比为1.00,反应时间3 h,煅烧温度450℃,煅烧时间4 h。制备ZnO的最佳工艺条件为:煅烧温度800℃,煅烧时间60 min。回收的产品CuO纯度为99.1%,满足GB/T674—2003《化学试剂粉状氧化铜》中优级品的标准。回收的产品ZnO纯度为99.6%,满足GB/T3185—1992《氧化锌(间接法)》中一级品的标准。     

再生气氛对CuO/AC脱硫活性的影响

本文考察了不同气氛再生后ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ脱硫剂的二次脱硫活性,并藉借助ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ表征技术以及对再生后脱硫剂残硫的分析,探讨了脱硫剂以不同还原剂在不同温度下再生后二次脱硫活性差异的内在原因,结果表明：脱硫剂经Ｈ２再生后二次脱硫活性与初活性相比出现大幅度下降,Ｈ２气氛中添加Ｈ２Ｏ可提高其二次脱硫活性;经ＮＨ３在３００℃再生后二次脱硫活性与初活性相当,两次再生后仍未观察到活性的明显下降,ＮＨ３再生时脱硫     

CuO-CeO_2/AC吸附燃煤烟气中元素汞的实验研究

通过活性炭负载CuO和CeO2来制备吸附剂,采用固定床吸附方式,在不同反应条件下对吸附剂的吸附性能进行测试,筛选出去除效率最好的吸附剂,并通过BET和XRD对吸附剂的理化性质进行分析。结果表明,CuO和CeO2的加入大大改变了原活性炭的比表面积和孔结构,改善了活性炭的吸附性能。CuO-CeO2/AC中CuO和CeO2质量比不同,对汞的去除效率也不同,在1∶2时去除效率最好;CuO-CeO2/AC中所负载的CuO和CeO的总量为5%时,能大大促进汞的吸附效率,增长有效吸附时间;CuO-CeO2/AC对汞的吸附性能随反应温度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,在80℃时达到最大值。     

CuO-modified activated carbon for the improvement of toluene removal in air

We used an impregnation method to prepare CuO/AC(activated carbon) composite materials of different CuO content and characterized them via scanning electron microscope(SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The effect of CuO content on toluene adsorption/desorption was evaluated.We explored the reusability of AC and AC03(CuO modified AC with CuO loading 0.3 wt.%) adsorbents via toluene adsorption/desorption cycle testing.We used quasi-firstand quasi-second-order models, the Bangham model, and the Weber–Morris model to fit the toluene adsorption data.The introduction of CuO species evidently improved the adsorption performance of activated carbon toward toluene.The CuO content markedly affected the specific surface area, CuO dispersal, the numbers of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, and adsorption performance of the prepared composite adsorbents.Low CuO content was not favorable for the formation of active adsorption sites,while high content greatly reduced the specific surface area, and even covered active adsorption sites.The toluene adsorption performance varied in the order AC03 AC02 AC05 AC08 AC01(AC03, AC02, AC05, AC08 and AC01 are CuO modifying AC with CuO loading 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 0.8 and 0.1 wt.%, respectively).The breakthrough time and toluene adsorption capacity of the AC03 composite adsorbent were 94 min and 701.8 mg/g,respectively, and the recycling efficiency was 92.8% after thermal desorption at 200°C.The adsorption process was best described by the Bangham model and adsorption could be divided into three stages.