大理市山地资源开发与可持续发展

大理市山地资源存在森林覆盖率低，水土流失严重，山地景观资源破坏严重等问题。在未来的可持续发展中应依照生态系统原则、自然保护原则、景观保护原则和因地制宜原则，分别对西部、东部、东南部和西南部山地的开发利用采取不同对策。     

创建环境优美城镇规划初探--以南京市禄口镇为例

环境优美城镇规划是进入新世纪以来中国城镇发展与环境建设的一个特色。本文以南京市禄口镇为例，从规划的理念出发，提出了相应的指导思想、原则、目标和指标。通过对全镇环境现状的分析及总体规划的审视，进行了环境功能区划，并提出了环境保护措施，最后探讨了城镇环境管理出现的新问题。     

崇贤镇土壤重金属污染状况分析与治理对策

针对崇贤镇土壤频繁遭受工业企业污染的实际情况,对其辖区内土壤重金属含量开展检测,进行污染综合评价分析。结果表明:在崇贤镇土壤中,存在着不同程度的镉、汞、镍和锌等重金属含量超标,土样超标率分别为19.7%、14.2%、12.2%和2.9%;土壤污染综合指数≦0.7(清洁)的土样占54.0%,在0.7~1.0之间(尚清洁)的土样占35.8%,在1~2之间(轻度污染)的土样占10.2%。并提出了整顿供应污染企业、实行污染土壤修复、调整优化种植结构、加强农产品质量安全监管等对策措施。     

沈阳市小城镇环境保护与建设工作初探

调查分析了沈阳市小城镇的几个突出的环境问题 :小城镇结构性污染十分突出 ,环境基础设施差 ,城市绿化水平低 ,农业产业结构不合理 ,探讨了相应的解决小城镇环境问题的主要对策 ,认为实施小城镇环境综合整治 ,建立小城镇环境综合整治考核制度是加强小城镇环境保护 ,建立健全小城镇环境管理机制的重要手段。     

Urban Transitions: On Urban Resilience and Human-Dominated Ecosystems

Urbanization is a global multidimensional process paired with increasing uncertainty due to climate change, migration of people, and changes in the capacity to sustain ecosystem services. This article lays a foundation for discussing transitions in urban governance, which enable cities to navigate change, build capacity to withstand shocks, and use experimentation and innovation in face of uncertainty. Using the three concrete case cities—New Orleans, Cape Town, and Phoenix—the article analyzes thresholds and cross-scale interactions, and expands the scale at which urban resilience has been discussed by integrating the idea from geography that cities form part of “system of cities” (i.e., they cannot be seen as single entities). Based on this, the article argues that urban governance need to harness social networks of urban innovation to sustain ecosystem services, while nurturing discourses that situate the city as part of regional ecosystems. The article broadens the discussion on urban resilience while challenging resilience theory when addressing human-dominated ecosystems. Practical examples of harnessing urban innovation are presented, paired with an agenda for research and policy.     

Tackling wicked problems and tricky transitions: change and continuity in Cape Town's environmental policy landscape

This paper offers a reflection on 15 years of policy change in the City of Cape Town aimed at fostering sustainability from the perspective of a City practitioner. The persistent continuation of unsustainable outcomes, despite ongoing policy reforms, is understood as a combination of the emergence of wicked problems, within a changing local government mandate, in the absence of a transformation of institutional structures, tools and approaches. While the approach to policy reform in Cape Town has focussed on reducing substantive uncertainty through its knowledge-based approach, we show that in the context of an expanding local government mandate, sustainability becomes an aspect of many departments’ directive resulting in strategic uncertainty. The untransformed traditional line-function-based structure of local government in turn works against integration between departments (fundamental for addressing non-linear wicked problems), thus promoting institutional uncertainty. In addressing this combination of strategic and institutional uncertainty, our findings indicate that integration has to happen in the policy stage in order for sustainability principles to be implemented in relevant departments; that implementation requires resourcing across the institution, and ought to be included in departments’ targets; and that competing and conflicting rationalities underpin the policy–practice gap. It is suggested that a first step in breaking down the strategic and institutional uncertainties would be to foster shared values through creating deliberative spaces within the City in which debate, discussion and learning can occur.     

乡镇级耕地土壤养分精确化管理分区及配方施肥研究

耕地土壤养分精确化管理分区是区域农田利用保护、实施变量施肥的重要手段。论文以山东省广饶县丁庄镇为研究区,采用叠置法划分分区单元,系统聚类分析和主成分分析综合筛选分区指标,模糊隶属度与层次分析法确定指标权重,K-均值聚类算法确定养分管理分区的数目,提出了乡镇级耕地土壤养分管理分区方法与模型。将丁庄镇耕地分为3个养分管理区,继而运用目标产量配方法确定不同分区不同季节大田作物的施肥量和肥料配方。研究发现:不同季节大田作物的养分需求量差别明显,秋粮作物比夏粮作物氮肥需求大,磷肥需求少,钾肥基本持平;同一作物不同管理区养分需求量由管理一区向管理三区依次递增;各养分管理区肥料配方主要表现为钾肥比例的差异。该研究提出了耕地分散与较粗放经营状况下的养分精确化管理与施肥技术方法,对区域土壤养分与施肥管理有积极参考价值。     

深圳市龙岗区平湖镇生态功能区划

在对深圳市龙岗区平湖镇生态环境调查的基础上,根据地域差异、功能趋同、持续发展、环境容载等原则,划分了平湖镇四类生态功能区,并据此提出初步调控导则,为平湖镇未来生态城镇的发展提供理论依据。     

葫芦岛龙湾新区污水厂工艺比选

本文介绍了葫芦岛市龙湾新区污水厂厂址及生物处理工艺等的选择。通过技术经济比较,选择建二处污水厂分别处理新、老城区的污水,并建两座小型地埋式污水处理站,选择SBR工艺作为新区污水处理厂二级生物处理工艺。     

基于“3S”技术的村镇住宅洪灾脆弱性曲线研究

脆弱性曲线常用来表示各类承灾体的洪灾损失率与洪水特征之间的关系,是洪灾风险评价方法中的关键部分。为了构建村镇住宅洪灾脆弱性曲线,以2010年永吉县口前镇洪灾为案例,根据抽样理论运用GPS技术开展了村镇住宅洪灾损失的实地调查;运用RS技术和GIS技术提取出洪水淹没水深用以补充未调查房屋的淹没水深数据;采用回归分析方法建立了各类平房住宅水深-损失率之间的关系,用以表征脆弱性曲线。结果表明:居民住宅的洪灾损失率与水深高度相关,且在同一淹没水深下,平房住宅的使用时间越长损失率越大。脆弱性曲线的建立为计算洪灾潜在损失和区域防灾减灾提供了依据。