烟气脱硫技术的发展及其应用前景

烟气脱硫是目前世界上唯一大规模商业化应用的脱硫方式。本文综述了脱除烟气中SO2 的一些主要技术 ,包括干法、半干法、湿法以及它们的优缺点 ,其中湿法烟气脱硫应用最为广泛。同时对我国湿法、半干法、干法中的几种脱硫技术进行了比较 ,得出湿法烟气脱硫的脱硫效率最高 ,可高达 90～ 95 % ,半干法次之。湿法烟气脱硫的烟气处理量也最高 ,并且有些技术已经进行了工业化应用。但是湿法烟气脱硫技术的运行费用比较高     

Estimation of the amount of dry deposition in an urban area (Kobe city, Japan) by the inferential method

The amount of dry deposition of SO₂(g) and HNO₃(g) in an urban area in Japan has been estimated by the inferential method. The mean annual dry deposition of SO₂(g) (2.91 kgS/ha/year) was close to or less than that in the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) of the U.S. (3.59 kgS/ha/year). The mean annual dry deposition of HNO₃(g) (10.8 kgN/ha/year) was approximately six times larger than that in CASTNet (1.85 kgN/ha/year). The proportions of dry/(dry+wet) deposition for sulfur and nitrogen were 0.301 and 0.785, respectively.     

建立上海生活垃圾分类收集系统的探讨

在回顾上海市开展生活垃圾分类收集工作的基础上，讨论了生活垃圾分类收集的目标，并分析了其制约因素，提出了建议上海市生活垃圾分类收集系统的构想，即设立湿垃圾、干垃圾、有害垃圾3个子系统及其配套设施。     

宜宾市城市垃圾无害化处理环境卫生调查与评价

本文介绍了宜宾市城市垃圾无害化处理的环境卫生调查与评价。     

A national critical loads framework for atmospheric deposition effects assessment: III. Deposition characterization

Methods are discussed for describing patterns of current wet and dry deposition under various scenarios. It is proposed that total deposition data across an area of interest are the most relevant in the context of critical loads of acidic deposition, and that the total (i.e., wet plus dry) deposition will vary greatly with the location, the season, and the characteristics of individual subregions. Wet and dry deposition are proposed to differ in such fundamental ways that they must be considered separately. Both wet and dry deposition rates are controlled by the presence of the chemical species in question in the air (at altitudes of typically several kilometers in the case of wet deposition, and in air near the surface for dry). The great differences in the processes involved lead to the conclusion that it is better to measure wet and dry deposition separately and combine these quantifications to produce “total deposition” estimates than to attempt to derive total deposition directly. A number of options for making estimates of total deposition to be used in critical loads assessment scenarios are discussed for wet deposition (buckets and source receptor models) and for dry deposition (throughfall, micrometeorology, surrogate surfaces and collection vessels, inference from concentrations, dry-wet ratios, and source-receptor models). The research described in this article has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This document has been prepared at the EPA Environmental Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon, through contract #68-C8-0006 with ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., and Interagency Agreement #1824-B014-A7 with the U.S. Department of Energy and at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., under Contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 with the US Department of Energy. Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 3905. It has been subjected to the Agency’s peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.     

医用防护口罩测试装置的对比研究

结合医用防护口罩实际使用工况,设计了两种针对环境气溶胶过滤性能的测试方法与装置.采集部分常用的防护口罩,分别采用TSI CERTITEST Models 8130型自动过滤测试仪及本文研发的测试装置DHU-Ⅰ平板型口罩性能测试台和DHU-Ⅱ实况型口罩性能测试台进行测试.对结果进行对比分析发现,DHU-Ⅰ平板型口罩性能测试台和8130型自动过滤测试仪测定结果比较接近,能够反映出防护口罩在环境大气中使用的情况;而DHU-Ⅱ实况型口罩性能测试台相对前两者而言,在吸气阻力基本不变的情况下,测得过滤效率降低近40%,结果更接近实际工况.     

重庆地区大气干降尘化学组分及其在中和降雨酸度中的作用

用直径50cm 的聚乙烯漏斗,在冬夏两季分别截获了白天和夜间的干降尘。结果表明,干降尘中主要阳离子是钙,虽然它吸附二氧化硫,但不酸。计算表明城区干降尘能中和降水中11.8％的酸,四面山中和6.2％。     

Restoring sanitation services after an earthquake: field experience in Bam, Iran

A powerful earthquake hit the city of Bam in southeast Iran on 26 December 2003. In its aftermath, a number of international relief agencies, including Oxfam, assisted in providing emergency sanitation services. Oxfam's programme consisted of constructing and repairing toilets and showers in villages located outside of the city. In contrast with other organisations, Oxfam opted for brick-work structures, using local materials and human resources rather than prefabricated cubicles. The choice illustrates the dilemmas faced by agencies involved in emergency sanitation: responding to needs in a manner consistent with international standards and offering assistance in a timely fashion while involving beneficiaries. Following a preliminary survey, Oxfam concluded that the provision of showers and latrines, in addition to utilisation of local materials and human resources, was essential for ensuring well-being, empowerment and dignity among members of the affected population, thereby maximising the benefits.     

Suppression effects of powder suppressants on the explosions of oxyhydrogen gas

Suppression tests of oxyhydrogen gas explosions were performed in an explosion tube with five types of dry powder used as the suppressants. The experimental results showed that the powder with large dust cloud density and small radius has better suppression effect, which agrees well with previous correlative results. Moreover, our results also showed that particles with chemical activity and light material density, their suppression effect are more prominent than that of the inert particles with heavy density. To discover the detailed suppression process of dust powder, governing equations were developed based on the homogeneous reactive two-phase flow. The TVD scheme and the Lax–Wendroff–Rubin scheme were adopted to solve the reactive gas phase and particle phase, respectively. The time splitting technique was employed to handle the stiffness of the coupled equations. Our calculated results showed that the dust cloud has the suppression effect on the explosion of oxyhydrogen gas, and with the increase of dust cloud density or the decrease of particle diameter, its suppression effect become more evident, which is in good agreement with our experimental results, in addition, the numerical results showed that with the same particle diameter, the suppression performance is enhanced with the reduction in particle material density.