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51.
Comparison of China’s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Law with the European Union (EU) EIA Directive 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, we first review the development of China’s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system in the past 30 years.
Then we compare the framework and operational procedures of China’s new EIA law with those of the EU EIA Directive. We also
compare public participation, as well as sanctions and control in the two EIA systems. In addition, we identify where the
processes in both EIA systems are similar or different from one another. By comparison, we noted that there are at least three
obvious weaknesses in China’s EIA system: (1) the application of new models for EIA legislation; (2) the improvement of EIA
guidance and education; and (3) the enhancement of public participation in EIA process. Our study indicates that these three
major shortcomings should be overcome and improved in China’s EIA system, when compared with the EU EIA system. 相似文献
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53.
欧洲有关国家关于执行欧盟废旧电子电气指令的措施 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
随着全球高科技工业的迅猛发展、人类消费水平的不断提高和消费结构的变化,电子废弃物快速增长,并造成日益严重的环境污染问题,因此引起了全球各国高度关注并制定了相关环境管理对策。2003年2月13日,欧盟公布了《废旧电子电气设备指令》(简称WEEE指令)和《限制某些有害物质在电子电气设备中使用指令》(简称ROHs指令)。欧盟各国实践表明,欧盟成员在欧盟指令公布之前已经制定了关于收集和适当处理电子电气废物的规定,这些规定基本上与欧盟新指令有着相同的内涵。因此,欧盟成员政府并不需要为了满足欧盟指令的新要求而对目前国内的电子电气处理体制做太大的修改,故可以预期欧盟各国执行欧盟关于废旧电子电气设备指令过程中将不会导致过多问题产生,并且执行成本相对较小。 相似文献
54.
Walter Tötsch 《Environmental management》1990,14(3):333-338
Because of its toxicity, cadmium creates an environmental problem as well as a health hazard for exposed workers. Most cadmium
emissions arise from the intentional use of the element. It is therefore mandatory to reduce cadmium consumption to the lowest
possible level. Cadmium pigments, mainly used in plastic processing, can be replaced in all applications where the processing
temperature does not exceed 300°C. Newly developed polyvinyl chloride stabilizers promise to be an excellent substitute for
cadmium stabilizers in even the most demanding applications. Cadmium plating, still extensively used in the United States
and the West Germany, has been virtually abandoned in Japan. Improved lead acid batteries are replacing vented nickel cadmium
batteries because of their cost effectiveness. While in these applications cadmium use is declining, more and more cadmium
is needed for the manufacturing of sealed nickel cadmium batteries. These relatively small electrochemical cells are used
mainly by individual consumers. Here cadmium can only be replaced in some marginal applications. The high cadmium content
of these batteries (up to 22%) makes them a good candidate for recycling of the heavy metal. 相似文献
55.
The European Commission Biocidal Products Directive 98/8/EC lays down rules and procedures concerning the placing of biocidal products on the EU market. Based on the Directive, a First Review Regulation was adopted for the review of existing biocidal active substances. These substances had to be either identified or notified (two different processes) to the European Chemicals Bureau (ECB) by 28 March 2002. More than 1000 companies took part in the review programme. In total 953 different existing active substances were identified and 372 different substances were notified. This article presents an analysis of the notified substances regarding the number of notifications per substance, notifiers per substance and per Member State and number of notified substances per product type. The results are compared with data from former statistics. 相似文献
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57.
Katharina Rietig 《环境政策》2019,28(2):228-247
ABSTRACTEuropean climate policy faced increasing constraints during the economic and Eurozone crises (2008–2014). The European Commission subsequently refocused policymaking toward integrating climate objectives into other policy areas such as energy and the 2014–2020 European Union (EU) budget. The conditions for successful climate policy integration (CPI) are analyzed, focusing on the compatibility of key actors’ beliefs. In renewable energy policy, CPI was successful as long as the co-benefits and related policy-core beliefs of energy security, rural economic development and climate action coexisted harmoniously. Once conflict among these policy-core beliefs emerged during the biofuels controversy, CPI was weakened as actors with competing economy-focused beliefs controlled the decision-making process. The case of EU budget climate mainstreaming illustrates how actors can add climate objectives into legislation despite meaningful discussion being ‘crowded out’ by other priorities. The findings highlight the importance of low conflict between departments, compatible beliefs and policy priorities for successful CPI. 相似文献
58.
ABSTRACTPolicy evaluation has grown significantly in the EU environmental sector since the 1990s. In identifying and exploring the putative drivers behind its rise – a desire to learn, a quest for greater accountability, and a wish to manipulate political opportunity structures – new ground is broken by examining how and why the existing literatures on these drivers have largely studied them in isolation. The complementarities and potential tensions between the three drivers are then addressed in order to advance existing research, drawing on emerging empirical examples in climate policy, a very dynamic area of evaluation activity in the EU. The conclusions suggest that future studies should explore the interactions between the three drivers to open up new and exciting research opportunities in order to comprehend contemporary environmental policy and politics in the EU. 相似文献
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60.
北美自由贸易区和欧盟的区域性环境政策浅析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
环境因素逐渐成为影响全球和各国经济的重要因素,以北自由贸易区和欧盟为代表的区域性经济集团在环境态度及政策取向上已日趋一致,在对这2个区域性经济集团的环境制度性安排的特点进行分析后,探讨了在未来可持续增长模式下,世界环境政策发展的趋势;同时也分析了我国应积极采取的对策。 相似文献