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141.
A field study was conducted to measure the dislodgeable residues of profenofos applied to jasmine (Jasminum sambac) and risk assessment was done for laborers engaged in picking of flower buds. Profenofos was applied at 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% concentration and the jasmine bud samples were analysed for residues using GC. The initial deposit of 1.6–3.8, 3.8–7.1, and 5.2–7.6 µg cm?2 was detected on jasmine buds at 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% concentration, respectively. At the recommended dose of 0.10%, the half-life was 1–2 days and the dislodgeable residues disappeared within 7 days. The results indicate faster disappearance of dislodgeable residues on jasmine buds. Risk assessment was done based on dislodgeable foliar residues and exposure estimates based on surrogate data and expressed as Margin of Exposure (MOE). The entry restrictions for exposure of jasmine flower pickers to profenofos, would be at least, 1 day following application, for the recommended concentration of 0.10% (MOE = 106) and 3 days, at higher concentrations of 0.15% (MOE = 156) and 0.20% (MOE = 115). 相似文献
142.
Button M Watts MJ Cave MR Harrington CF Jenkin GT 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(2):273-282
The relationship of the total arsenic content of a soil and its bioaccumulation by earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus and Dendrodrilus rubidus) to the arsenic fraction bioaccessible to humans, measured using an in vitro physiologically-based extraction test (PBET),
was investigated. Soil and earthworm samples were collected at 24 sites at the former arsenic mine at the Devon Great Consols
(DGC) in southwest England (UK), along with an uncontaminated site in Nottingham, UK, for comparison. Analysis of soil and
earthworm total arsenic via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was performed following a mixed acid digestion.
Arsenic concentrations in the soil were elevated (204–9,025 mg kg−1) at DGC. The arsenic bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for both earthworm species was found to correlate positively with the human
bioaccessible fraction (HBF), although the correlation was only significant (P ≤ 0.05) for L. rubellus. The potential use of both in vitro PBETs and earthworms as complementary tools is explored as a holistic and multidisciplinary
approach towards understanding risk at contaminated sites. Arsenic resistant earthworm species such as the L. rubellus populations at DGC are presented as a valuable tool for understanding risk at highly contaminated sites. 相似文献
143.
Estimating the total exposure to air pollutants for different population age groups in Hong Kong 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Given that Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, the exposure of the Hong Kong people is one of the interesting research areas. In this study, an indirect approach was used to estimate the exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), respiratory dust (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO) pollutants experienced by different age groups of people in Hong Kong. The average concentrations of the 20 major microenvironments obtained from our measurement survey data, together with the people activity pattern data obtained from 7-day recall questionnaires, were used to predict frequency distributions to exposure assessment. Our results showed that Hong Kong people spent more than 86% of their time indoors. Homes were shown to be the one of the major exposure sites to NO2, CO and PM10 for all age groups. Our results also indicate that the 24-h NO2 exposure for individuals, irrespective of age, spending more than 2 h in commuting daily, was observed to be exceeding the 24-h NO2 exposure standards. This study was one of the pioneering studies with valuable contribution for modeling the estimates of exposures to NO2, PM10 and CO of different age groups in Hong Kong. 相似文献
144.
Using Wildlife as Receptor Species: A Landscape Approach to Ecological Risk Assessment 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Gaines KF Porter DE Dyer SA Wein GR Pinder JE Brisbin IL 《Environmental management》2004,34(4):528-545
To assist risk assessors at the Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site (SRS), a Geographic Information System (GIS) application was developed to provide relevant information about specific receptor species of resident wildlife that can be used for ecological risk assessment. Information was obtained from an extensive literature review of publications and reports on vertebrate- and contaminant-related research since 1954 and linked to a GIS. Although this GIS is a useful tool for risk assessors because the data quality is high, it does not describe the species’ site-wide spatial distribution or life history, which may be crucial when developing a risk assessment. Specific receptor species on the SRS were modeled to provide an estimate of an overall distribution (probability of being in an area). Each model is a stand-alone tool consisting of algorithms independent of the GIS data layers to which it is applied and therefore is dynamic and will respond to changes such as habitat disturbances and natural succession. This paper describes this modeling process and demonstrates how these resource selection models can then be used to produce spatially explicit exposure estimates. This approach is a template for other large federal facilities to establish a framework for site-specific risk assessments that use wildlife species as endpoints.Current address: Biology Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 相似文献
145.
Bacteriophages MS-2 and PRD-1 were used as indicators of human viral behaviour in a series of turf-grass irrigation and washing
machine experiments to provide information about the level of human exposure to potential residual enteric viruses in recycled
water that can affect health. Results provided evidence to support a potential inadvertent exposure volume of 0.01 ml for
recycled water used for machine clothes washing. Results for irrigation experiments showed that a one log reduction in bacteriophage
numbers on turf-grass was not achieved under exposure to high solar conditions after 4 h. Experimentation showed that bacteriophages
may be usefully employed in exposure assessment studies based on the ease of their enumeration and logistical and cost considerations.
In terms of future studies, observed differences in individual bacteriophage characteristics provide a rationale for using
multiple viral indicators. However, limitations on the utility of bacteriophage also need to be considered. 相似文献
146.
af Wåhlberg AE 《Journal of Safety Research》2011,42(2):143-146