浅谈堆肥设备

随着堆肥技术在不同固体废弃物处理中的广泛应用,与之相关的堆肥设备得到了极大的发展,堆肥设备包括物料处理、翻堆、反应器和除臭设备。家庭堆肥器和小容量反应器堆肥系统是堆肥设备新的发展趋势。     

江汉平原农地保护的外部效益研究

农地保护外部效益的货币化计量可为缓解我国农地流失形势,制定及实施农地生态保护政策,探寻农地保护和经济发展的均衡点提供理论及决策依据。运用条件价值评估法估算江汉平原农地保护的外部效益,研究表明：①随着农地保护意识的增强,受访居民已意识到农地外部效益的存在,8550%的受访居民对农地有正的支付意愿;受访居民的性别、年龄、家庭人口(老年人口、参加工作人口)、经济状况(土地面积、月生活开支、职业)等特征对支付意愿有显著影响。②江汉平原农地保护的年均总支付意愿达2805×108元,折合单位农地的保护效益为48 658元/hm2;区内现有农地目前无法通过市场价格表现的外部效益约1 24682×108元,具有无法忽略的重要地位。     

Place attachment and place identity: First-year undergraduates making the transition from home to university

This paper examines the issues emanating from the transition into a new social and cultural environment distant from the home, the context of which is provided by the transition from home to university. The study analyses the transitional process over a period of 5 months, using data obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews and participant observation of ten first-year undergraduates who moved to study at the University of Gloucestershire in Cheltenham. It explores the mediating variables that impact place attachment and place identity during the transition from home to university. Within this context consideration is given to how participants made sense of changes in their socio-spatial environment, the ensuing problems and challenges of doing so, and how these meanings affected self-perceptions and self-evaluations. The analysis demonstrates how participant's stories of the transition evince an abiding concern with the loss of place, manifest in terms of an erosion of a sense of belonging, attachment and continuity and an undermining of home's capacity to symbolise the self. The implications of such accounts for our understanding of place attachment and identity are then explored. The paper concludes by advocating a holistic approach to our conceptualisation of place, given that place meanings are constantly being evaluated and redefined in light of changing social and physical relationships with place and between people and place.     

基于APSIM模型的春玉米生育期旱灾损失敏感性定量分析

作物不同生育期旱灾损失敏感性研究对于提高农业干旱监测准确率、采取合理的农业抗旱减灾措施等有重要意义.干旱发生时,农业用水被压缩,充分利用当前可用灌溉水量以取得较好的作物产量效益是农业抗旱减灾中的重点.目前已有研究大多从水分胁迫试验出发,分析不同干旱胁迫对作物产量的影响,定性分析作物各生育期旱灾损失敏感性.由于农田试验样...     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

南水北调中线水源地汉江上游流域主要生态环境问题及对策

汉江上游是南水北调中线水源地,流域生态环境建设是保障水源地水质安全的关键.针对上游流域水环境污染、土地利用以及水土流失等重大生态环境问题,结合流域数字高程模型及水质调查对其进行了系统分析.结果表明:(1)丹江流域、库区流域及汉中盆地水质较差,COD<,Mn>和氨氮成为水源区主要污染物;(2)各子流域区植被覆盖占各自面积的71.2%～95.7%,表明流域植被覆盖较好,但沿河岸100 m范围内农业用地占29.2%～43.4%,且多为坡耕地;(3)流域水土流失严重,2000年左右流域侵蚀图显示汉江源头、秦岭南及大巴山北均出现了大片年均侵蚀模数>2 200 t/km2的区域,且有日益增强的趋势.提出加大水环境污染整治力度、加强农业用肥管理及河岸带建设、水土保持建设以及加强流域水环境及水土保持监测和科研工作等对策.     

岷江上游泥石流堵河可能性的经验公式判别

泥石流堵塞主河,特别是堵断主河后发生重大灾害的实例屡见不鲜,对泥石流堵河的研究也方兴未艾。选取岷江上游具有代表性的堵河型泥石流沟4条、堵塞型泥石流沟及不堵河型泥石流沟各2条,通过文献查阅、实地调查得到各泥石流沟的基本数据、泥石流堵河状况及入汇处主河特征的资料,对堵河型泥石流基本特征进行分析总结,并与堵塞型、不堵河型泥石流沟进行比较,得出计算泥石流堵断主河可能性大小的经验公式,并对所选典型泥石流沟进行了计算。经分析,计算结果与实际相符,故在岷江上游干旱河谷区,可用此式计算泥石流堵河可能性大小,并依此来判断泥石流对主河的堵塞程度,计算数值越大,堵塞程度就越高,一般堵河可能性〖WTBX〗R〖WTBZ〗在10以上为易于堵河,介于5～10可对主河造成较严重的堵塞,小于5则堵河的可能性很小,多产生轻微堵塞。〖     

温度、水分和盐度对转基因耐草甘膦大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为了探明转CP4-EPSPS(5-烯醇丙酮酸莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶)基因是否会对大豆种子及幼苗的抗逆性产生影响,进而为转基因耐草甘膦大豆的环境安全评价提供科学依据,通过室内试验研究了温度、水分和盐度对转基因耐草甘膦大豆ARG、受体大豆n-ARG及我国传统栽培大豆苏豆3号种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在种子萌发阶段,ARG对高温胁迫和水分胁迫的抗性显著低于n-ARG和苏豆3号;ARG对盐分胁迫的抗性与n-ARG没有显著差异,但抗性明显弱于苏豆3号。幼苗生长阶段,在温度胁迫(高温40℃,低温15℃)和水分胁迫(渍水和干旱)条件下,ARG在株高增长量和生物量方面都没有表现出优势,相反,在某些方面反而抗性更弱。例如,在轻度干旱胁迫(相对含水量55%)条件下,ARG地上部干重明显小于n-ARG。ARG对盐分胁迫的抗性也弱于n-ARG及我国传统栽培大豆苏豆3号。总之,与非转基因受体大豆n-ARG和我国传统栽培大豆苏豆3号相比,转基因耐草甘膦大豆ARG在温度、水分和盐度逆境条件下的竞争性和入侵性不强。     

抚顺西露天采场植物修复的研究

通过实验室分析和野外实地监测,对比讨论了植物修复工程的有效性。实验数据表明：经植物修复后,矿区土壤的基本理化性质明显好转,酸碱缓冲能力也相应提高,土壤中Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn的含量有效降低。植物修复工程积极有效地改善并恢复了西露天矿地严重受损的生态环境。     

中小型电厂脱硫改造工程应考虑的几个问题

中小型电厂脱硫改造工程过程中应考虑的诸如场地的约束、脱硫对锅炉引风系统阻力的影响、脱硫对除尘器影响、脱硫对设备运行腐蚀及脱硫副产品的处理等问题及解决方案.