孔雀绿萃取光度法测量微量铅的研究

研究了铅（Ⅱ）—碘化钾—孔雀绿（ＭＧ）缔合显色体系。发现在ｐＨ＝４．７的ＨＡｃ—ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，ＭＧ与ＰｂＩ形成稳定的缔合物，可用苯萃取，其最大吸收峰位于６２５ｎｍ处，摩尔吸光系数为１．２×１０￣５Ｌ／（ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ），Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）浓度在０～２５μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，缔合物的组成比为Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）：Ｉ：ＭＧ＝１：４：２。应用此法测定了煤飞灰标样、茶叶、自来水中的铅含量，结果令人满意。     

特丁硫磷原药生产废水的治理

针对特丁硫磷原药生产废水特点，提出了采用萃取-氧化-铝盐沉降法治理方案．并进行效益分析，结果表明，该治理方案具有良好的经济效益，社会效益和环境效益。     

Persistence of C-labeled atrazine and its residues in a field lysimeter soil after 22 years

Twenty-two years after the last application of ring-¹⁴C-labeled atrazine at customary rate (1.7 kg ha⁻¹) on an agriculturally used outdoor lysimeter, atrazine is still detectable by means of accelerated solvent extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. Extractions of the 0-10 cm soil layer yielded 60% of the residual ¹⁴C-activity. The extracts contained atrazine (1.0 μg kg⁻¹) and 2-hydroxy-atrazine (42.5 μg kg⁻¹). Extractions of the material of the lowest layer 55-60 cm consisting of fine gravel yielded 93% of residual ¹⁴C-activity, of which 3.4 μg kg⁻¹ was detected as atrazine and 17.7 μg kg⁻¹ was 2-hydroxy-atrazine. The detection of atrazine in the lowest layer was of almost four times higher mass than in the upper soil layer. These findings highlight the fact that atrazine is unexpectedly persistent in soil. The overall persistence of atrazine in the environment might represent a potential risk for successive groundwater contamination by leaching even after 22 years of environmental exposure.     

中国环境与生物标准参考物质中甲基汞的测定

应用了多种分离技术分离有机汞，以气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定甲基汞和乙基汞，测定了一些已经定值总汞的中国环境与生物标准参考物质及一些别国制备的标准测参考物质。采用不同分离技术，所得结果基本一致，也存在些差异。实验室之间的测定结果也很接近。建议上述物质可作为测定甲基汞和乙基汞的标准参考物质。     

新方法在挥发酚测定中的探讨

新型显色剂2-对氨基苯基-2'-羟基二乙胺与水中挥发酚在碱性条件下,经铁氰化钾作用发生反应,反应产物用乙酸丁酯萃取后在可见紫外分光光度计600 nm波长下比色定量。该方法测定挥发酚在0.001 mg/L~0.100 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.000 8 mg/L,加标回收率为100%。用该方法与4-氨基安替吡啉三氯甲烷萃取分光光度法同时测定实际水样,结果无显著差异。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱联用法用于地表水中类固醇激素测定

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱联用法对雌三醇、氟哌噻吨、炔雌醇、雄烯二酮、雌二醇、雌酚酮、睾酮共7种类固醇激素的检测方法。样品经C18萃取小柱富集净化,采用内标法定量时,方法的检出限为0.66～1.95 ng/L,R0.998,回收率为78.5%～94.6%,相对标准偏差为1.1%～7.7%。采用该方法对上海市地表水进行测定,在2个采样点中检出雌酚酮(1.88 ng/L)和雄烯二酮(1.48 ng/L)。     

Comparison of three sequential extraction procedures for trace element partitioning in three contaminated Mediterranean soils

The sequential extraction procedures described by Tessier et al., McGrath and Cegarra, and Gimeno-García et al. were compared to investigate trace element (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) partitioning patterns and extraction efficiency in three contaminated soils from Mediterranean regions of Spain. Soils were selected from Onda (Castellón) (S1), Aznalcóllar (Sevilla) (S2), and Silla (Valencia) (S3). S1 was a soil contaminated with Pb and Zn after dumping of wastes from the manufacture of ceramic tiles, S2 was polluted accidentally with a highly acid and As-concentrated sludge from mining activities, and S3 was a soil with a high Cr content from tannery sludge disposal. Trace element distribution in the soils—soluble, exchangeable, organically bound, precipitated with carbonates, bound to iron and manganese oxides, and precipitated with sulfides fractions—varied significantly according to the extraction procedure used. In addition, different extraction efficiencies were found for the three sequential extraction procedures compared. Finally, the trace elements studied showed different and specific distribution patterns between the various soil fractions examined.     

离子色谱法测定土壤中草甘膦的提取溶液选择

以辽宁棕壤等10种土壤为样品,探讨了水和pH值=9.00～14.00的氢氧化钠(NaOH)作为提取液对草甘膦分析的影响.结果表明,以水为提取液,仅石灰性紫色土和灰钙土能获得较高的回收率,其他所测土壤尤其是pH值<8.00的土壤其回收率较低,提取效果受土壤理化性质影响明显.以pH值=9.00～14.00的NaOH为提取液...     

土壤中石油类检测方法的探讨

通过红外光度法测定,根据土壤中石油类检测方法前处理的时间不同,得出如下结论:用四氯化碳萃取时,震荡的适宜时间为14～18h。