地下水水化学成分对类Fenton法氧化硝基苯的影响

实验主要研究了地下水水化学成分对类Fenton法氧化去除硝基苯的影响。采用天然细砂模拟地下含水层介质,利用砂样中的原位铁做催化剂进行类Fenton氧化硝基苯实验。通过不同硝基苯和过氧化氢摩尔比的类Fenton实验,确定两者的最优物质的量比。然后模拟配制Na-SO4、Na-Cl、Ca-HCO3和Ca-SO4型4种水化学成分不同的地下水,在硝基苯和过氧化氢最优物质的量比情况下,研究了地下水水化学成分对类Fenton法氧化去除地下水中硝基苯的影响。反应在棕色瓶中进行,并用20℃恒温培养振荡器,以120 r.min-1的频率对其振荡。分别在10、30、60、90和120 min时取样,用气相色谱法检测硝基苯的质量浓度。结果表明：硝基苯和过氧化氢的最佳物质的量比为1∶200;地下水的水化学成分对类Fenton反应有重要影响,Na-SO4、Na-Cl、Ca-HCO3和Ca-SO4型地下水中硝基苯的最终去除率分别约为91%、92%、75%、82%,反应所需的时间大约为90、30、120和30 min。因此,类Fenton法对硝基苯污染地下水的原位化学修复具有较好效果,研究结果可为硝基苯污染地下水的原位化学修复提供一定的理论依据。     

Efficient visible light photo-Fenton-like degradation of organic pollutants using in situ surface-modified BiFeO3 as a catalyst

The visible light photo-Fenton-like catalytic performance of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles was investigated using Methyl Violet (MV), Rhodamine B (RhB) and phenol as probes. Under optimum conditions, the pseudo first-order rate constant (k) was determined to be 2.21×10^-2, 5.56×10^-2 and 2.01×10^-2 min^-1 for the degradation of MV (30 μmol/L), RhB (10 μmol/L) and phenol (3 mmol/L), respectively, in the BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-visible light (Vis) system. The introduction of visible light irradiation increased the k values of MV, RhB and phenol degradation 3.47, 1.95 and 2.07 times in comparison with those in dark. Generally, the k values in the BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-Vis system were accelerated by increasing BiFeO₃ load and H₂O₂ concentration, but decreased with increasing initial pollutant concentration. To further enhance the degradation of pollutants at high concentrations, BiFeO₃ was modified with the addition of surface modifiers. The addition of ethylenediamineteraacetic acid (EDTA, 0.4 mmol/L) increased the k value of MV degradation (60 μmol/L) from 1.01×10^-2 min^-1 in the BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-Vis system to 1.30 min^-1 in the EDTA-BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-Vis system by a factor of 128. This suggests that in situ surface modification can enable BiFeO₃ nano-particles to be a promising visible light photo-Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants.     

铁碳微电解/Fenton法处理难降解化工废水的对比试验

采用Fenton氧化、铁碳微电解工艺处理难降解化工废水。采用Fenton氧化处理该废水,当进水ρ(COD)在5000mg/L、B/C为0.3左右时,COD去除效率在30%左右,B/C提高约0.05;采用铁碳微电解工艺处理该废水,研究了不同pH条件和介质(铁屑和铁块)对去除效果及产泥量的影响,结果表明:pH为3.0、反应时间3 h、采用铁块处理该废水为最佳条件,COD去除效率在40%左右,B/C提高0.08⁰.1,绝干污泥产量约为1.2kg/t。通过对比试验发现,采用铁碳微电解的处理效果和经济性均优于Fenton氧化工艺。     

Degradation mechanism of Direct Pink 12B treated by iron-carbon micro-electrolysis and Fenton reaction

The Direct Pink 12B dye was treated by iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) and Fenton oxidation. The degradation pathway of Direct Pink 12B dye was inferred by ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis), infrared absorption spectrum (IR) and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The major reason of decolorization was that the conjugate structure was disrupted in the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) process. However, the dye was not degraded completely because benzene rings and naphthalene rings were not broken. In the Fenton oxidation process, the azo bond groups surrounded by higher electron cloud density were first attacked by hydroxyl radicals to decolorize the dye molecule. Finally benzene rings and naphthalene rings were mineralized to H₂O and CO₂ under the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals.     

微米α-Fe_2O_3非均相电Fenton降解罗丹明B

以考察非均相电Fenton法处理罗丹明B(RhB)的影响因素为目的,采用水热法制备α-Fe_2O_3微米颗粒,钛涂钌铱(Ti/RuO_2-IrO_2)电极为阳极和阴极,组成非均相电Fenton体系降解RhB废水,探讨了微米α-Fe_2O_3投加质量浓度、pH和电流密度对RhB降解效果的影响,以及催化剂的循环使用效果。结果表明:当微米α-Fe_2O_3投加质量浓度为0.5 g/L,pH为3.0,电流密度为12 mA/cm~2时,反应60 min后,非均相电Fenton体系对RhB的去除率可达97.42%,且催化剂循环使用3次后,仍可以保持95%以上的去除率,具有较好的稳定性。     

色度对纳氏试剂比色法测定水体中氨氮的影响及消除方法

在很多情况下需要监测水体中的氨氮,当前常用的方法有气相分子吸收光谱法、水杨酸-次氯酸比色法、纳氏试剂比色法。对于纳氏试剂比色法而言,和其他方法相比优势明显,例如试验稳定性好、反应灵敏性好、整个操作流程非常简便,试验效率得到提高。但是比色法具有一定的吸收性,如果水体中有一定的颜色,那么该颜色就会被吸收,直接影响试验的结果,下面就对这些方面进行分析,希望给有关人士一些借鉴。     

癌症快速尿检F-Ⅰ型试剂研制与应用

随着环境污染加重及其它因素，癌症发病率呈上升趋势，为实现早期检查，研制出了一种新的癌症快速尿检试剂．该试剂具有简便、快速和广谱、无损伤、价格低廉等特点．根据２９１０例尿样检测，结果表明，该试剂的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预示值、阴性预示值和约登指数分别是７２．０％，９５．６％，７５．３％，９４．９％和０．６７６．     

关于红外光度法测定水中油类的讨论

结合实际工作经验，对红外光度法测定石油类和动植物油(GB／T16488-1996)所规定的仪器、试剂等进行了进一步的探讨，并提出操作建议。     

超声-类Fenton法预处理焦化废水影响因素的研究

以考察超声-类Fenton法预处理焦化废水的影响因素为目的,研究了初始pH、Fe_3O_4投加量、H_2O_2投加量和超声波功率对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,预处理焦化废水的最优条件如下:pH为3. 0,Fe_3O_4的质量浓度为1. 0 g/L,H_2O_2(质量分数为30%)的体积分数为1. 0 mL/L,超声波功率为490 W,反应时间为120 min。在此条件下COD的去除率可达70%。     

Ce-Mn/Al2O3-H2O2催化氧化皮革废水的研究

以浸渍法制备了Ce-Mn/Al_2O_3催化剂,研究该催化剂在H_2O_2非均相类Fenton体系中对皮革废水污染物的催化降解性能.在单因素试验的基础上,以COD去除率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应曲面法考察了催化剂投加量、H_2O_2投加量、初始pH、反应时间等4个因素之间的单独作用及交互作用,实验数据用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件进行处理,得到二次响应曲面模型.结果表明,4个独立变量对响应值的影响顺序如下:初始pHH_2O_2投加量催化剂投加量反应时间,数学模型拟合度高(R_(adj)~2=0.9349),利用该模型预测的最大COD去除率为78.86%,最佳反应条件为:催化剂投加量56.63 g·L~(-1),H_2O_2投加量315.15 mg·L~(-1),初始pH3.51,反应时间2 h,经实验验证COD去除率为80.94%,与模型预测值偏差2.08%.