缺氧环境下无定形FeS对六六六的转化动力学

采用批处理实验方法，在缺氧还原的环境下对无定形FeS转化六六六的动力学进行了研究。结果表明，无定形FeS水溶液体系（pH值8.30)可以将六六六的γ-异构体-林丹转化为低氯化合物三氯苯，二氯苯和氯苯，并且产物的形成有异构体选择性；检测到的中间产物为五氯环己烯，四氯环已烯和二氯环已二烯。并提出相应的转化路径和反应机理。以说明溶液中的动态变化过程，反应动力学遵从准一级速率反应。反应机理推测为去氯化氢反应和双氯消除反应。     

基础研究与林火实践

通过介绍森林火灾的双重性分析森林火灾的几个典型现象,探讨了如何对森林火灾进行基础研究和模拟实验。并从着火过程,林火行为,阻炎林带的阻火机理三个方面论述了基础与林火初中之间的关系。     

Molecular Weight Changes and Polymeric Matrix Changes Correlated with the Formation of Degradation Products in Biodegraded Polyethylene

The molecular weight changes in abiotically and biotically degraded LDPE and LDPE modified with starch and/or prooxidant were compared with the formation of degradation products. The samples were thermooxidized for 6 days at 100°C to initiate degradation and then either inoculated with Arthobacter paraffineus or kept sterile. After 3.5 years homologous series of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and ketoacids were identified by GC-MS in abiotic samples, while complete disappearance of these acids was observed in biotic environments. The molecular weights of the biotically aged samples were slightly higher than the molecular weights of the corresponding abiotically aged samples, which is exemplified by the increase in from 5200 g/mol for a sterile sample with the highest amount of prooxidant to 6000 g/mol for the corresponding biodegraded sample. The higher molecular weight in the biotic environment is explained by the assimilation of carboxylic acids and low molecular weight polyethylene chains by microorganisms. Assimilation of the low molecular weight products is further confirmed by the absence of carboxylic acids in the biotic samples. Fewer carbonyls and more double bonds were seen by FTIR in the biodegraded samples, which is in agreement with the biodegradation mechanism of polyethylene.     

Investigations on removal of SO2 from flue gas by aerosol formation in pulsed corona discharge process

The removal of SO₂ from flue gas by pulsed corona discharge in presence of ammonia was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the SO₂ removal mainly depends on thermal reaction of SO₂ with NH₃ and enhancements of 0%—25% by pulsed corona discharge in the range of the specific energy 0—5 Wh/Nm³. The aerosol mass concentration, mainly composed of ammonium sulfate, increased with specific energy dissipated into the reactor. With an initial concentration of 2000—2100 ppmv SO₂ and energy consumption of 3 Wh/Nm³, when a stoichiometric amount of ammonia is injected, the removal efficiency of SO₂ and percentage of ammonium sulfates in reaction products are all ≥80%. The collection efficiency of the reactor for aerosol is about 74% at a flue gas temperature of 60 to 65℃ and a water vapor content of 9% to 11% volume.     

家电产品的绿色制造技术与环境保护

家电产品的更新换代越来越快,家电产品在制造、使用、报废整个生命周期中,对环境造成一定的危害,从保护环境和可持续发展的战略要求出发,家电产品的发展模式、生产模式、消费模式和行为模式都必须充分考虑到经济效益和环境效应的协调,经济的发展不能以牺牲环境为代价.而绿色制造技术是家电产品制造业综合考虑环境影响和资源利用的现代制造技术.目的是将产品在生命周期中对环境的破坏或危害降低到最小,并使资源综合利用率达到最高.这是解决环境问题,实现可持续发展战略在现代制造业中的体现.     

乳业推行清洁生产、清洁产品及清洁消费的可行性分析--为内蒙古乳品业再发展策划新制高点

本文从分析国内乳业市的竞争趋势及不利因素入手，论证了乳业开展清洁生产的必要性与可行性，指出理论上乳品工厂开展清洁生产可以做到原料全部转化成产品，乳业若能从绿色产品生产观转到清洁产品生产观，则可以占领新的市场制高点。文章还讨论了乳业率先推出清洁消费市场观念的必要性及政府在政策上可采取的引导措施。     

高盐度水产品加工废水治理工艺研究

使用海水进行水产品加工的企业所排放的废水盐度、氨氮浓度高,在此环境下,微生物的活性受到影响,增长速度慢,产率系数低,处理难度较大,文章结合工程实例介绍了"水解酸化 两级生物接触氧化"处理高盐度水产品加工废水的运行效果,结果表明:对Cl-浓度平均8000mg/L的高盐度水产品加工废水,系统对COD、SS、氨氮的去除率分别超过了88%、90%、85%,出水COD、SS、氨氮分别低于100mg/L、70mg/L、15mg/L,出水完全可以达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准.     

Fossil carbon emissions associated with carbon flowsof wood products

Specific fossil carbon (C) emissions and primary energy useassociated with the manufacture of different wood product groups inFinland are estimated and expressed as emissions or energy use per amountof wood-based C in raw material and per amount in end product. Thecalculation includes both emissions from supplied fuels within the forestindustries, and from electricity and district heat purchased from externalsources. The results are compared to fossil C emissions from the wholelifecycle of harvested wood products. The results of the study show, forinstance, that the emission of fossil C per wood-based C in end products(MgC/MgC) is of the order of 0.07 for sawn wood and 0.3–0.6 for paperin the manufacturing stage. The primary energy use per wood-based C inend product is of the order of 2 MWh/MgC for sawn wood, whereas forvirgin paper grades the figure is between 17 and 19 MWh/MgC. Theprimary energy content is highest in papers based on chemical pulping, butaround 60% of the energy used is produced in this case from by-productwood wastes (black liquor, bark etc.). The specific fossil C emission andprimary energy divided by the estimated service life of the wood productare measures for the relative burden of maintaining the corresponding woodproduct pool. These figures should be kept in mind when considering woodproducts as a potential C sink option.