小波分析在语音识别系统中的研究与应用

在语音识别系统的不同处理阶段,大部分可以使用小波分析技术进行实现,并且这种实现方法比传统的方法具有更好的效果.本文重点探讨了在端点检测、噪声去除以及参数提取过程中使用小波分析技术的原理及方法,并提出现阶段所存在的问题及解决方案.     

Methods Currently Used in Testing Microbiological Degradation and Deterioration of a Wide Range of Polymeric Materials with Various Degree of Degradability: A Review

Biodegradation of polymeric materials affect a wide range of industries, information on degradability can provide fundamental information facilitating design and life-time analysis of materials. Among the methods currently used in testing, traditional gravimetric and respirometric techniques are tailored to readily degradable polymeric materials mostly and polymer blends with biodegradable components, but they are not applicable to the new generation of engineering polymers which are relatively resistant to biodegradation. However, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been tested for monitoring biodeterioration of high strength materials and the technique has very high sensitivity. A wide range of materials including electronic insulation polyimides, fiber-reinforced polymeric composites (FRPCs) and corrosion protective polyurethane coatings have been successfully measured under inoculation of degradative microorganisms using EIS. In addition, the mechanism of degradation of high strength polymers is mainly due to the presence of plasticizers in the polymer matrices. The information on various methods discussed in this review is intended to illustrate a suite of methods for those who are interested in testing biodeterioration of polymeric materials under different environmental conditions and in selecting appropriate techniques for specific applications.     

试论矿山企业转机建制中的安全管理

安全管理工作是矿山企业管理的重要内容之一,安全文明生产是生产经营活动顺利进行的保证,矿山企业在转机建制中安全管理工作遇到诸多不利因素,导致安全管理工作一度出现被动与无序的局面,只要各级领导和全体职工提高认识,转变观念,牢固树立"安全第一,预防为主"的思想,落实安全生产责任制,全方位开展安全生产标准化的创建,形成有效的安全文化氛围,安全管理工作必将对矿山企业的发展起到巨大的推动作用.     

武器装备伪装毯研究

伪装器材是提高己方武器装备、设施及参战人员战时生存能力,保存有效战斗力的重要技术手段。采用来源广、价格低廉、伪装效果好的普通材料为选择依据,设计了一种武器装备伪装毯,其在从红外到雷达波波段内都有良好的伪装隐身效果。     

A Sensitive Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Method for Detection of Polyimide Degradation by Microorganisms

An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was evaluated for monitoring microbial degradation of electronic packaging polyimides. The microbial inoculum was a mixed culture of fungi isolated previously from deteriorated polyimides. The active fungal consortium comprised Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and a Chaetomium species. After inoculation, fungal growth on the polyimides resulted in distinctive EIS spectra indicative of polymer insulation failure, which directly related to polymer integrity. Degradation appeared to occur in a number of steps and two distinctive stages in the decline of film resistance were observed in the inoculated EIS cells within the 2 and 10 weeks after inoculation. The early stage of resistance decrease may be related to the ingress of water molecules and ionic species into the polymeric materials, whereas the second stage probably resulted from partial degradation of the polymers by fungal growth on the polymer film. The relationship between changes of impedance spectra and microbial degradation of the polymer was further supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of fungi growing on the surface of the inoculated polyimides. Our data indicate that the EIS can be used in detection of early degradation of resistant polymers and polyimides that are susceptible to biodeterioration.     

水流模拟断面中硝基苯的迁移转化规律

采用实验室模拟装置研究了4,10和20 ℃条件下,封闭、开放状态和不同环境因素影响下硝基苯污染水团流经模拟断面前后, 硝基苯在上覆水与沉积物中的迁移转化规律. 结果表明:封闭、开放状态模拟断面上覆水和沉积物中硝基苯迁移分配受温度变化影响显著;开放状态下,上覆水、沉积物中硝基苯变化量均低于封闭状态. 挥发不但影响硝基苯在沉积物-上覆水间的迁移分配,而且能促进沉积物中硝基苯的解吸;光照对模拟断面硝基苯迁移转化无影响. 对于相同的沉积物和上覆水,影响模拟断面系统中硝基苯迁移、分配的因素依次为温度、挥发和光照. 分析实验结果和材料推测,硝基苯在该实验条件下不存在降解转化.      

铝塑包装废物的热解特性研究

利用热重-差热-傅立叶变换红外光谱联用仪对铝塑包装废物热解特性进行分析,并对物料性质、纸质存在对热解过程的影响进行研究. 结果表明:铝塑包装废物热解主要发生于438～500 ℃,最大失重速率出现在470～475 ℃;产物中主要是—C—C—以及少量的—CC—与芳香烃;反应温度由50 ℃升至850 ℃,铝塑包装废物依次经历聚乙烯熔融软化、热解,铝熔融,铝与焦状物反应等过程;铝塑包装废物中含纸质时,在312.4～363.2 ℃增加了一个失重过程,同时高温时的热解反应更为复杂.      

基于甲烷氧化菌的城镇污水厂尾水极限脱氮系统构建及机制

好氧甲烷耦合反硝化（AME-D）在城镇污水厂尾水深度脱氮方面具有巨大的应用潜力,研究采用改良型反硝化生物滤池,利用低浓度甲烷构建出AME-D极限脱氮系统.研究发现该系统在间歇式运行方式下,出水中总氮和氨氮的平均浓度能达到1.05 mg·L^-1和0.54 mg·L^-1,其平均去除率分别为94.77%和93.30%.拉曼光谱分析结果显示,由NO₃^-对称伸缩引起的峰明显消失,由醇COH面外弯曲或C—H面外弯曲振动吸收引起峰明显增强,甲烷被氧化形成的中间产物可能主要为醇类物质.16S rRNA基因测序结果表明,系统中的甲烷氧化菌主要为Methylocystis（0.27%）、Methylosarcina（0.10%）和Methyloparacoccus（0.12%）,反硝化菌主要为Pseudomonas（56.92%）、Paenibacillus（3.52%）和Lysinibacillus（3.00%）,硝化菌主要为Nitrospira（0.1%）,说明AME-D极限脱氮系统的脱氮功能是由好氧甲烷氧化菌、反硝化菌和硝化菌协同实现.     

Flocculating characteristic of activated sludge flocs: Interaction between Al3+ and extracellular polymeric substances

Aluminum flocculant can enhance the flocculating performance of activated sludge.However,the binding mechanism of aluminum ion(Al 3+) and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) in activated sludge is unclear due to the complexity of EPS.In this work,threedimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy(3DEEM),fluorescence quenching titration and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) were used to explore the binding behavior and mechanism between Al 3+ and EPS.The results showed that two fluorescence peaks of tyrosineand tryptophan-like substances were identified in the loosely bound-extracellular polymeric substances(LB-EPS),and three peaks of tyrosine-,tryptophanand humic-like substances were identified in the tightly boundextracellular polymeric substances(TB-EPS).It was found that these fluorescence peaks could be quenched with Al 3+ at the dosage of 3.0 mg/L,which demonstrated that strong interactions took place between the EPS and Al 3+.The conditional stability constants for Al 3+ and EPS were determined by the Stern-Volmer equation.As to the binding mechanism,the-OH,N-H,C=O,C-N groups and the sulfurand phosphorus-containing groups showed complexation action,although the groups in the LB-EPS and TB-EPS showed different behavior.The TB-EPS have stronger binding ability to Al 3+ than the LB-EPS,and TB-EPS play an important role in the interaction with Al 3+.     

微波消解ICP—OES法同时测定总悬浮颗粒物中多种重金属

采用微波消解前处理与电感耦合等离子光谱联用技术,初步建立了一套大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）中重金属元素的检测方法。研究了不同的滤膜材料、消解方式、波长选择等对分析方法的影响。用所建立的方法测定长沙市火车站采集的大气总悬浮颗粒物中的重金属As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Zn的含量,检测结果令人满意。最低检出浓度为0．0001～0．005μg／m2,相对标准偏差为0．9％～11．4％,加标回收率为90．9％～106．7％。