基于FY3C地表温度重建的多云地区旱情监测评估

受热红外传感器无法探测云下地表信息的影响,热红外遥感数据失去了对多云地区旱情监测的能力。采用RSDAST(Remotely Sensed Daily Land Surface Temperature Reconstruction)模型实现了FY3C/VIRR(Visible and Infrared Radiometer)云像元LST值的重建,结合重建后LST和NDVI数据采用TVDI指数对2018年重庆市干旱进行监测分析,并通过对比土壤墒情数据与OTVDI(Original TVDI)和RTVDI(Reconstructed TVDI)间的相关性来评估RTVDI在多云条件下旱情监测的能力。评估结果表明:基于RSDAST模型扩大了多云地区遥感干旱监测的空间范围和时间连续性,提升了区域旱情监测的精度(长时间序列和空间分布上RTVDI与土壤墒情数据间的R值均高于OTVDI),极大地提高热红外遥感数据在多云条件下的可用性和可靠性。     

武汉市城区热岛效应的遥感研究

随着城市化的迅速发展，城市热岛效应及其所带来的问题对我们日常的生产生活的影响变得日益严重和不可忽视。如何快速、有效地监测城市热场的分布和强度，是解决城市环境问题的迫切需要。采用先进的遥感手段，能够大面积、同步和动态地监测地面热场的分布和变化情况。利用武汉市地区的LANDSAl7 TM图像，对于热红外波段遥感图像灰度值和地面温度之间的关系进行了定量的解译，并且采用IHS图像复合增强的方法得到了武汉市地面热场分布图。取得了很好的模拟效果。结果显示武汉地区热场的分布具有明显的规律性，区域平均温度的分布由高到低为：旧型工业区-新型工业区-老城区-新城区-郊区；城市地面结构对于区域温度有直接的影响；保护现有的水体和增加绿地的分布是缓解城市热岛效应的有效途径。此外还结合图像分析了热场分布的形成因素。     

GENERATING STREAMFLOW SEQUENCES WITH TREND AND CYCLICAL MOVEMENTS1

ABSTRACT: A first-order autoregressive model had been modified with the trend and cyclical movements to generate the streamflow sequences. Three main portions were involved in this modified model, i.e., six-year cycle with trend changing; six-year cycle without trend changing; and both annual and six-year cycles with trend changing. The synthetic sequences of monthly streamflow sequences were compared with the historical records obtained from the Kissimmee River basin by using the Chi-Square test for goodness-of-fit. The results indicated that the newly proposed model has a better solution than the original model because the trend and cyclical movements involved in generating sequences are much closer to the historical records.     

Urban environmental problems transition and environmental education towards sustainable cities in China

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人工养殖与野生扬子鳄卵中重金属含量分析

以原子吸收分光光度法，测定了人工养殖与野生的扬子鳄卵中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb等重金属元素的含量，并对上述4种元素的分布状况和差异性进行了探讨。实验表明，人工繁殖卵中重金属元素含量高于野生卵，人工饲养过程中所提供的饮水和饲料中重金属元素含量高于自然界，值得关注和重视。     

New approaches to characterizing urban air particles in central London

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｎａｎｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｓｃａｌｅ，ｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒｅｏｆｕｒｂａｎａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｈａｓｃｈａｎｇｅｄｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｌａｓｔ５０ｙｅａｒｓ．Ｉｎｔｈｅ１９５０ｓａｎｄ１９６０ｓ，ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｈｅａｌｔｈｉｓｓｕｅｓｓｔｅｍｍｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｕｒｂａｎｓｍｏｇｓ，ａｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｃｏｃｋｔａｉｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｈｉｇｈｃｏｎｃｅｎ…     

"傅里叶级数部分和逼近和函数"的动态演示

本文主要介绍利用多媒体创作软件Authorware制作教学演示课件，实现对“傅里叶级数的部分和逼近和函数”的过程的形象演示。     

非分散红外光度法测定饮食业油烟的排放浓度

将采集油烟的滤筒 ,移入比色管内已定容的CCl4溶剂中 ,将比色管置于超声器上清洗 2 0min ,用非分散红外光度法可直接测定清洗液中油烟的含量。实际样品测定结果表明 ,该方法简便易行 ,准确性较好     

数字地震记录中干扰波的排除

本文介绍了用MATLAB工具软件实现对数字信号进行频谱分析和设计IIR数字滤波器的方法,对数字地震记录中的干扰波进行谱分析和排除,实现了目标要求。     

Zinc and lead sequestration in an impacted wetland system

The fate and bioavailability of pollutant metals is important to the long-term health of freshwater wetland systems, particularly in areas with elevated background levels of trace metals. Precipitation of some authigenic mineral phases in wetland sediments can potentially limit metal bioavailability through sequestration in low-solubility compounds, such as metal sulfides. Zinc and Pb concentrations were analyzed in water, plant and sediment samples taken from a metal-contaminated wetland in Chicago, IL, USA in order to assess metal fate and bioavailability, while X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies were conducted to determine zinc speciation in the wetland sediments. The results showed sequestration of metal into the pond sediments, most likely in iron precipitate phases. In surface sediments, re-release of Zn and Pb into pore waters was correlated with microbial iron reduction, while the presence of sulfide in anoxic pore waters corresponded to decreased dissolved concentrations of both elements. Analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data confirmed that sulfide compounds dominated zinc speciation throughout the sediment. Uptake of trace metals in Phragmites plants was limited primarily to plant roots, while concentrations of both Pb and Zn in aquatic vegetation were significantly elevated, representing a potential bioaccumulation hazard.