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421.
在玉昆铁路柿花树隧道不良地质发育的洞段进行红外探水工作期间,常用的分析方法有时无法预判掌子面前方是否存在隐伏水体或含水构造。为了提高红外探水短距离预报的准确率,用模糊聚类法将掌子面测点场强的数据分类,根据开挖传递的地质信息,研究模糊聚类结果的变化规律、突水风险与岩体破碎程度之间的关系。实践证明,模糊聚类法和常用分析方法的结合,使红外探水取得了较好的预判效果。 相似文献
422.
目的 对氟醚橡胶FM-2D在空气与飞马Ⅱ号润滑油中的热老化行为与机理进行研究。方法 开展氟醚橡胶高温贮存试验,在热氧、热油的介质环境下,研究氟醚橡胶的力学性能退化规律。试验后对样品的拉伸性能、压缩性能以及硬度进行检测,并且利用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜以及X射线电子能谱对试验后样品进行检测。结果 通过热老化试验,发现氟醚橡胶在200℃以下能够长期维持较好的力学性能。试验温度在200℃以上,氟醚橡胶的力学性能出现明显退化趋势,并且在热空气与热油中的老化趋势不同。在220℃的热空气老化31 d后,氟醚橡胶的拉伸强度下降27.0%,断裂伸长率增大89.8%,压缩应力松弛率为34.6%,硬度下降8.7%。在220℃的热油老化31 d后,氟醚橡胶的拉伸强度下降85.9%,断裂伸长率下降83.9%,压缩应力松弛率为-17.5%,硬度上升4.2%。结论 在热空气老化过程中,橡胶分子链受热氧影响发生断裂,使其强度下降;在热油老化过程中,油介质和高温的耦合作用使橡胶的交联网络失效,橡胶发硬变脆。 相似文献
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424.
Lazar M. Kaluđerović Zorica P. Tomić Darko P. Ašanin Rada D. Đurović-Pejčev Branka J. Kresović 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(8):503-509
The results presented in this paper show an impact of the concentration of the aromatic organic cation on the adsorption of acetochlor on the surface of the organic-modified montmorillonite. Natural montmorillonite from Bogovina (Boljevac municipality, Serbia) was used for organic modification in this experiment. Cation exchange capacity of this montmorillonite (86 mmol 100 g?1 of clay) was determined using the methylene blue method. In pretreatment, montmorillonite was modified with NaCl. For the purpose of organic modification, three different concentrations of phenyltrimethylammonium chloride (PTMA) have been selected, based on calculated CEC value: 43 mmol 100 g?1 of clay (0.5 CEC), 86 mmol 100 g?1 of clay (1 CEC) and 129 mmol 100 g?1 of clay (1.5 CEC). The changes in the properties of the inorganic and organic modified montmorillonite were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and batch equilibrium method. Freundlich coefficients show higher uptake of the herbicide by montmorillonite modified with PTMA, compared to inorganic-modified montmorillonite. The results also indicate the influence of the organic cation concentration on the adsorption of the selected herbicide. 相似文献
425.
HAO Li-qing WANG Zhen-y FANG Li ZHANG Wei-jun WANG Wei LI Cheng-xiang SHENG Liu-si 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2006,18(5):903-909
Photooxidation reaction of toluene in smog chamber systems was initiated by the UV radiation of tolucne/CH5ONO/NOx mixtures. The products of the photooxidation reaction of toluene and its subsequent reactions were analyzed directly utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Detailed assignments to FTIR spectrum of gas-phase products were given. The information of some important functional groups in the products, such as, carbonyl groups (C-O), hydroxyl groups (-OH), carboxylic acid (- COOH), C-C bonding, N O bonding and C-H bonding (C H), was got from this analysis. These results were compared to those analyzed by aerosol time of flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS). It was found that there are some differcnccs between FTIR analysis of gas-phase products and that of particle-phase, for example, the products with carbonyl groups, which were connected to unsaturated chemical bonds, was relatively higher in the gas phase, while kctoncs, aldehydes, carboxylic acid and organonitrates were the dominant functional groups in the aerosol-phase reaction products. The possible reaction pathways of some important products in the gas phase were also discussed. 相似文献
426.
Cohen MJ Dabral S Graham WD Prenger JP Debusk WF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):427-457
Rapid, repeatable assessment of ecological condition is critical for quantitative ecosystem monitoring. Soils provide a sensitive,
integrative indicator for which sampling and analysis techniques are well defined. We evaluated soil properties as indicators
of ecological condition (subjectively classified into minimally/moderately/severely degraded based on vegetative, hydrologic
and edaphic cues) at 526 sites within Ft. Benning military installation (Georgia, USA). For each sample, we measured 17 biogeochemical
parameters, and collected high-resolution diffuse reflectance spectra using visible/near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
(VNIRS). VNIR spectra have been related to numerous soil attributes — we examine them here for diagnosing integrated response
(i.e., ecological condition). We used ordinal logistic regression (OLR) and classification trees (CT) to discriminate between
condition categories using both sets of predictors (biogeochemistry and spectra). Sixteen biogeochemical parameters were significantly
different across condition categories; however, multivariate models greatly improved discrimination ([calibration, validation]
accuracy of [69%, 66%] and [96%, 73%] for OLT and CT models, respectively). Important predictors included total C, total P,
and Mehlich K/Ca/Mg. VNIR spectra further improved discrimination ([calibration, validation] accuracy of [74%, 70%] and [96%,
75%] for OLR and CT models, respectively). While spectra were comparably effective at discriminating minimally degraded sites,
they were significantly more effective at discriminating severely degraded sites. Error rates across confounding factors suggest
that watershed of origin and landscape position were the only important confounders, likely due to imbalanced sampling. We
conclude that multivariate diagnosis improves accuracy, and that VNIR spectroscopy, which yields substantial cost and logistical
improvements over conventional analyses, provides an effective tool for rapid condition diagnosis. 相似文献
427.
Monitoring and assessment of toxic metals in Gulf War oil spill contaminated soil using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for the detection of toxic metals in oil spill contaminated soil (OSCS).
The OSCS samples were collected from Khursania Saudi Arabia along the coast of Persian Gulf exposed to oil spills in 1991
Gulf war. Environmentally important elements like Aluminum Magnesium, Calcium, Chromium, Titanium, Strontium, Iron, Barium,
Sodium, potassium, Zirconium and Vanadium from the contaminated soil have been detected. Optimal experimental conditions for
analysis were investigated. The LIBS system was calibrated using standard samples containing these trace elements. The results
obtained using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) were compared with the results obtained using Inductively Coupled
Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP). The concentrations of some elements (Ba and Cr) were found higher than permissible safe
limits. Health risks associated with exposure to such toxic elements are also discussed. 相似文献
428.
429.
采用微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定大气细颗粒物中的砷,确定了最佳样品处理方法与测定条件。方法在0μg/L~40.0μg/L范围内线性良好,标准曲线相关系数达0.999以上,检出限为0.01μg/L。土壤标准品的测定值在标准值范围内,大气PM2.5滤膜样品加标回收率为96.0%~102%,5次平行测定的RSD为1.5%~3.6%。 相似文献
430.
介绍了国内外二氧化碳( CO2)气体检测方法,选取红外传感器、非分散红外和气相色谱3种方法监测工业燃煤废气中的CO2。试验结果表明,3种方法的精密度和准确度均满足要求;单一燃煤废气中CO2的体积分数范围为6.70%~15.10%,同一排气筒中CO2体积分数5 min的波动范围为0~22.4%;同一排气筒(单一燃煤废气)中CO2和O2的体积分数有一定的关联性,二者之和基本稳定在19%~21%范围;非分散红外法和气相色谱法测定同一样品的相对偏差为0.9%~3.4%;红外传感器适用于有组织排放的现场监测,另2种方法适用于无组织废气和环境空气监测。 相似文献