Interactions between lead(II) ions and dissolved organic matter derived from organic fertilizers incubated in the field

This work was to study composition characteristics and the subsequent effect on the lead (Pb) binding properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from seaweed-based (SWOF) and chicken manure organic fertilizers (CMOF) during a one-year field incubation experiment using the excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis. Results showed that high aromatic and hydrophobic fluorescent substances were enriched in CMOF-derived DOM and SWOF-derived DOM and enhanced over time. And phenolic groups in the fulvic-like substances for SWOF-derived DOM and carboxyl groups in the humic-like substances for CMOF-derived DOM had the fastest responses over time, respectively. Moreover, both non-fluorescent polysaccharides and fluorescent humic-like substances or fulvic-like substances with aromatic (C=C) groups first participated in the binding process of Pb to SWOF-derived DOM on day 0 and 180 during the lead binding process. In contrast, humic-like substances associated with aromatic (C=C) and phenolic groups gave a faster response to Pb binding on day 360. Regarding CMOF-derived DOM, the fulvic-like substances associated with aromatic (C=C) and carboxylic groups displayed a faster response to Pb ions on day 0. Nonetheless, polysaccharides and humic-like associated with phenolic groups had a faster response on days 180 and 360. It is noteworthy that the polysaccharides, which participated in Pb binding to CMOF-derived DOM, posed a higher risk of Pb in the environment after 360 days. Therefore, these findings gave new insights into the long-term applications of commercial organic fertilizers for the amendment of soil.     

Evidence on the causes of the rising levels of CODMn along the middle route of the South-to-North Diversion Project in China: The role of algal dissolved organic matter

As the biggest inter-basin water transfer scheme in the world,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project（SNWD） was designed to alleviate the water crisis in North China.The main channel of the middle route of the SNWD is of great concern in terms of the drinking water quality.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that the dissolved organic matter（DOM） derived from the planktonic algae causes the rising levels of COD_Mn along the middle route by monitoring data on water quality（2015-20...     

小波处理下的电磁环境仿真加速方法效果对比

为了减少复杂电磁环境的仿真时间,在一定的精度允许的范围内,可对地形做适当的处理,以减少射线条数,换取仿真时间的缩短。本文通过小波分解,再进行中值滤波处理,以完成地形的平滑去噪处理。且为了选取最优小波基,本文采用不同小波基,对地形高程值进行小波变换和滤波处理,比较处理后的地形仿真效果,进而找出对地形做小波变换的最优小波基。     

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the fetal brain

Fetal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is technically feasible in utero and demonstrates similar findings to those observed in neonatal populations. MRS can provide additional information to conventional T1- and T2-weighted imaging of the fetal brain. It is of particular use when subtle changes are present on conventional fetal MRI sequences, and when imaging fetuses at risk of brain injury and metabolic abnormalities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重金属离子与依诺沙星相互作用的荧光光谱法研究

荧光分析法是利用物质的荧光性质对物质进行分析的方法,文章应用荧光法研究了不同温度下重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+及Mn2+与喹诺酮类药物依诺沙星(ENX)的相互作用。结果表明:Cu2+、Pb2+及Mn2+对ENX内源荧光的猝灭机制属于形成复合物所引起的静态猝灭,利用Stern-Volmer关系式计算了ENX与重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+及Mn2+之间的猝灭常数KSV及结合位点数,根据热力学参数(自由能变ΔG、焓变ΔH、熵变ΔS)确定了ENX与重金属离子之间的主要作用力类型为静电作用力。该研究为探讨环境中重金属离子与ENX的作用机理和环境效应提供了理论依据。     

长三角和珠三角土壤中汞的化学形态、转化和吸附特性

为了解长江三角洲和珠江三角洲农业土壤中汞的积累可能产生的环境影响,选择10个代表性农业土壤样品,研究了土壤中汞的化学形态、积累过程中形态的转化及吸附-解吸行为.研究表明,当无外源汞加入时,长江三角洲和珠江三角洲农业土壤中,汞主要以稳定的残余态形式存在.但随着汞加入量的增加,土壤中可交换态汞显著增加,增加程度与土壤性质有关.土壤pH是影响土壤汞有效性最重要的因素,其对土壤汞的吸附、解吸、形态转化和存在形态均有很大影响.土壤酸化可促进土壤汞的释放,加剧对环境的危害,防治土壤酸化也可有效降低土壤中汞对环境的危害.     

Pipeline leakage detection and isolation: An integrated approach of statistical and wavelet feature extraction with multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN)

Leakage diagnosis of hydrocarbon pipelines can prevent environmental and financial losses. This work proposes a novel method that not only detects the occurrence of a leakage fault, but also suggests its location and severity. The OLGA software is employed to provide the pipeline inlet pressure and outlet flow rates as the training data for the Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) system. The FDI system is comprised of a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) classifier with various feature extraction methods including the statistical techniques, wavelet transform, and a fusion of both methods. Once different leakage scenarios are considered and the preprocessing methods are done, the proposed FDI system is applied to a 20-km pipeline in southern Iran (Goldkari-Binak pipeline) and a promising severity and location detectability (a correct classification rate of 92%) and a low False Alarm Rate (FAR) were achieved.     

某二高线通风改造实践研究

根据自然通风原理,对某二高线厂房进行了通风改造,主要从以下三方面人手：在进风窗下增设百页进风口、用通风栅栏代替封闭平台以及扩大天窗喉口。改造前后气流及温度分布的实测结果表明,改造后工作区的热环境得到了较大的改善,气流分布均匀,温度下降明显,提高了人体舒适性。     

脉动风速功率谱与随机Fourier幅值谱的关系研究

功率谱密度函数是随机过程在频域内的重要特征量,但由于其本质上是平稳过程的频域数值特征,致使其很难全面反映原始随机过程的概率信息,这就需要从更本源的意义上考察随机过程。本文试图从Fourier随机函数的角度反映随机过程,将经典的功率谱密度函数中具有物理意义的可测变量看作随机变量,利用功率谱与Fourier幅值谱的关系,定义了随机Fourier幅值谱;以Davenport谱为例,证实当地面粗糙度服从对数正态分布、10m高度基本风速服从极值Ⅰ型分布时,可通过功率谱构造具有物理意义的随机Fourier幅值谱。通过实测风速Fourier谱与随机Fourier幅值谱的比较,证明随机Fourier幅值谱的概念具有合理性。     

TA-FTIR/MS用于硝酸铵及其混合物的热化学行为研究

为评价物料混合对危险化学品热化学行为的影响,采用热分析-红外/质谱联用技术(TA-FTIR/MS)研究硝酸铵、柠檬酸和蔗糖的混合物的热化学行为。通过对硝酸铵及其混合物的分解温度和分解过程中逸出气体的分析,发现硝酸铵、柠檬酸和蔗糖的混合物热分解温度分别降低至135℃和153℃,而硝酸铵与甲基纤维素的混合物分解温度与硝酸铵基本相同为201℃,且各混合体系的气相分解产物均有氮氧化物(NOX),H2O和CO2。结果表明,混合物受热后其中的硝酸铵首先分解为硝酸和氨气;酸性物质和还原性物质由于对硝酸的分解反应有催化作用,使得混合物的热稳定性下降。