煤矿生产系统干扰事件的离散小波变换检测

小波变换常用于数字信号传输的噪声检测与处理,为了检测煤矿生产系统中的突发事件,将其模拟为数字信号传输中的干扰,构建系统稳态方程和对应的扰动方程,根据离散小波变换原理,将煤矿生产系统中的监测数据分解为近似部分和细节部分,再进行离散变换。采用多尺度边缘检测法,由光滑后的一阶和二阶导数检测出信号的模极大值点即为瞬态突变点。将A矿记录到的瓦斯浓度监控数据进行可行性分析后,在MATLAB的wavelet工具中对该瓦斯浓度监控数据作离散小波变换,找到四个瓦斯浓度瞬态突变点,那么这四个时刻发生了煤与瓦斯突出事件。结果表明该方法简单、实用性强。据此从计算机实时监控和现场技术防突方面提出应对煤矿干扰事件的措施。     

Hough变换在PCB在线检测系统的应用

在印刷电路板(PCB)视觉检测系统中,图象边缘提取的质量和对瑕疵图象边缘的快速而准确的识别是达到实时检测的关键因素,Hough变换是一种应用非常广泛的图像边缘检测技术,运用快速的Hough变换方法,来完成PCB检测的圆心定位和半径测定,并通过针时PCB在线检测的具体应用情况加以改进并应用,实验分析表明,该算法在PCB在线检测的可行性和优越性.图5,参5.     

污水土地处理磷污染物迁移转化模拟讨论分析

根据磷在土壤中的迁移转化机理，进行了以土柱试验为基础的“污水土地处理条件下磷的迁移转化模拟试验”，总结了污水中的磷在土壤中迁移转化的规律，提出了定量模拟这一规律的迁移转化联合模型。联合模型为研究磷在土壤中的运动提供了定量化依据，避免了已有研究中将迁移和转化割裂研究造成的误差，丰富并完善了不同形态磷的迁移转化模型。     

Multistate models for monitoring individual trees in permanent observation plots

This interdisciplinary research on forest ecosystems begins with some characteristics of ecosystems which are the basis for the derivation of statistical models for the development and vitality of trees. Several ecological problems which could be solved by longitudinal studies are mentioned. Statistical methods for the evaluation of the crowns of spruce trees (Picea abies Karst) in three permanent observation plots in Switzerland are described. In particular, the time-dependent proportional odds model and a transitional model are used. Through application of these multistate models the data give information on the dependence of an ordered categorical response variable on covariates characterizing the ecosystem. The response variable is observed through infrared aerial photographs. This monitoring system gives insight into the dynamic behaviour of the forest ecosystem. The need for more eco-systematically motivated statistical research using longitudinal studies is identified.     

拟面积多波长数据线性双组合解析萘,1—萘酚和2—萘酚同步荧光光谱的研究

本文研究了Δλ（λｅｍ－λｅｘ）为１３０ｎｍ和ＰＨ１２．０条件下，萘、１－萘粉和２－萘酚混合物的同步荧光光谱，获三者同步荧光峰信息，且萘被完全分辨，另外，提出用拟面积多波长线性双组合计算解析重叠的１－萘酚和２－萘酚同步荧光光谱，解析结果的精密度、组份间浓度比范围均较多波长线性回归、双峰增配平和一阶导数解析混合物同步荧光光谱结果为优。     

二种高硫煤中硫氮化学形态的研究

利用ＸＰＳ技术研究了贵定煤和西班牙Ｍｅｑｕｉｅｎｚａ煤中硫和氮化学形态的分布，并结合硫Ｋ－边ＸＡＮＥＳ和Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱着重考察贵定煤中硫化学形态。结果表明，贵定煤中含硫化合物主要以噻吩形态存在，其次为有机硫化物；而Ｍｅｑｕｉｅｎｚａ煤中以有机硫化物含量最大，噻吩硫次之，有关含氮化合物，Ｍｅｑｕｉｅｎｚａ煤以吡咯和吡啶氮为主，但在贵定煤中观察到较大浓度的氧化氮化合物。     

Insect cell-based impedance biosensors: a novel technique to monitor the toxicity of environmental pollutants

Cell biosensors are currently emerging as novel, sensitive techniques to monitor the toxicity of environmental pollutants. Here, we have developed electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) for on-line monitoring of the behavior of insect cells. Cells were cultured on a microarray of eight small gold electrodes, deposited on the bottom of tissue culture wells. Upon inoculation, cells showed a tendency to drift downward and attached to the gold surface precoated with the protein Concanavalin A to accelerate the cell attachment. The impedance increased because the cells acted as insulating particles to restrict the current flow. The resulting impedance, a coordination of many biological reactions within the cell, was continuously monitored in real-time to reveal information about cell spreading and micromotion. As the cell behavior was sensitive to external chemicals, the applicability of ECIS for inhibition assays was demonstrated with HgCl₂, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2-amino 4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB). Electronic Publication     

Experimental Investigation on The Igniting Fire Sources in Wildland Fire

试图通过试验,研究从林火点火源的红外辐射谱特性确定火焰性质的方法。为此,研制了模拟试验台,可以同时测定各特征火焰区的红外辐射谱和平均温度。用普朗克定律和维恩位移定律对试验数据进行了处理。对三种典型的引火源（烟头、树枝和纸）进行研究的结果表明：引火源的辐射特征波长在１．１－２．１ｕｍ,３．８－４．０ｕｍ,７．８－８．２ｕｍ波段内分布,此波长与各火焰区的特征温度存在对应关系。辐射温度随波长变化。在短波长处较低,此结果与将火焰辐射处理成黑体辐射时的普朗克定律大致相符     

合肥市典型交通干道大气苯系物的特征分析

为研究合肥市交通干道大气苯系物污染状况,采用自主研制的差分吸收光谱(DOAS)系统,于2016年3月期间对合肥市交通主干道大气苯系物(苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯)以及常规污染物NO_2、SO_2等进行了连续观测.观测结果显示,观测期间苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的平均浓度分别为:21.7、63.6、33.9和98.7μg·m~(-3).与国内外其它城市比较显示,合肥市交通干道大气苯和甲苯的污染处于中等水平,二甲苯的污染较为严重.结合观测期的间风速风向、T/B特征比值以及与CO等污染物的相关性,对上述苯系物来源进行了分析,结果显示观测期间T/B值为0.8~4.5,苯、甲苯与CO的相关性系数R分别为0.55和0.34.表明机动车尾气排放是观测区域苯和甲苯的主要排放源之一,同时也受到周边工业园区排放的影响,二甲苯的主要排放源为观测地点北偏东方向的涂料行业工业园区.苯和甲苯的夜间高浓度峰值分析结果表明,夜间的高浓度苯和甲苯可能主要来源于观测地点周边工业园区的排放.观测区域苯系物的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)表现为邻二甲苯间二甲苯甲苯苯,其中二甲苯的OFP占总OFP的85%,表明周边工业园区的排放对该地区臭氧生成的贡献较大.     

Seasonal variation and chemical composition of particulate matter: A study by XPS, ICP-AES and sequential microanalysis using Raman with SEM/EDS

During the winter period (January–March 2016), the total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) were characterized by the application of various analytical techniques in four zones of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey in Mexico. To evaluate the seasonal variation of some elements in the particulate matter, the results of this study were compared with those obtained during the summer season (July–September 2015). The speciation of the C_1s signal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the contribution of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons as the main components in both seasons. Conversely, carboxylic groups associated with biogenic emissions were detected only in winter. The percentages of SO₄^2 ? ions were lower in winter, possibly caused by the decrease in the solar radiation, and relative humidity recorded. The results of the ICP analysis revealed that Fe, Zn and Cu were the most abundant metals in both TSP and PM_2.5 in the two seasons. There were significant seasonal variations for concentrations of As, Ni and Zn in the urban area and for Fe, As, Cd, Ni and Zn in the industrial zone. This was attributed to the greater burning of fuels as well as to an increase in vehicular traffic, the effect of thermal inversion and changes in some meteorological parameters. The results of the sequential microanalysis by Raman spectroscopy and SEM/EDS allowed observation of deposits of carbonaceous material on the particles and to perform the speciation of particles rich in Fe and Pb, which helped infer their possible emission sources.