碰撞造山过程中热-构造状态演化与陆壳岩石熔融的关系

碰撞造山作用过程中陆壳岩石馆融形成花岗岩浆主要出现在加热期和伸展抬升期，是碰任后岩石田热状态调整引起陆壳物质化学分界的结果。陆壳碰撞前的构造历史、大陆岩石国的热参数和地幔过程、造山带的几何学特征和运动学性质等制约了造山带花岗岩类的发育，尤其是与各种造成地慢高热流叠加于下部地壳的岩石圈调整过程关系密切。大别造山带中生代花岗岩类的形成可能就是华北、扬子陆块碰撞后，底侵和垂向分离过程作用于造山带伸展抬升期，引起下部地壳岩石相继发生两次馆融的结果。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融处理的进展

针对城市生活垃圾焚烧产生飞灰的处理以及由此引发的二次污染问题,阐述了飞灰的污染特性,讨论了各种飞灰处理技术的优缺点,分析了熔融处理技术在降低飞灰中重金属浸出毒性和彻底分解其中的二恶英所具有的优越性,为飞灰的无害化和资源化处理提供参考。     

CO2-free paper?

Black liquor gasification–combined cycle (BLGCC) is a new technology that has the potential to increase electricity production of a chemical pulping mill. Increased electricity generation in combination with the potential to use biomass (e.g. bark, hog fuel) more efficiently can result in increased power output compared to the conventional Tomlinson-boiler. Because the BLGCC enables an integrated pulp and paper mill to produce excess power, it can offset electricity produced by power plants. This may lead to reduction of the net-CO₂ emissions. The impact of BLGCC to offset CO₂ emissions from the pulp and paper industry is studied. We focus on two different plant designs and compare the situation in Sweden and the US. The CO₂ emissions are studied as function of the share of recycled fibre used to make the paper. The study shows that under specific conditions the production of “CO₂-free paper” is possible. First, energy efficiency in pulp and paper mills needs to be improved to allow the export of sufficient power to offset emissions from fossil fuels used in boilers and other equipment. Secondly, the net-CO₂ emission per ton of paper depends strongly on the emission reduction credits for electricity export, and hence on the country or grid to which the paper mill is connected. Thirdly, supplemental use of biomass to replace fossil fuel inputs is important to reduce the overall emissions of the pulp and paper industry.     

Comparative assessment of municipal sewage sludge incineration,gasification and pyrolysis for a sustainable sludge-to-energy management in Greece

For a sustainable municipal sewage sludge management, not only the available technology, but also other parameters, such as policy regulations and socio-economic issues should be taken in account. In this study, the current status of both European and Greek Legislation on waste management, with a special insight in municipal sewage sludge, is presented. A SWOT analysis was further developed for comparison of pyrolysis with incineration and gasification and results are presented. Pyrolysis seems to be the optimal thermochemical treatment option compared to incineration and gasification. Sewage sludge pyrolysis is favorable for energy savings, material recovery and high added materials production, providing a ‘zero waste’ solution. Finally, identification of challenges and barriers for sewage sludge pyrolysis deployment in Greece was investigated.     

焚烧飞灰熔融过程重金属迁移特性中试研究

通过中试试验研究垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融过程重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的迁移特性,着重研究重金属在熔渣中的固化效果,考察了温度（1 290℃、1 320℃、1 360 ℃）、助熔剂（10 %的玻璃粉）、冷却方式（水冷、空冷）对重金属固定率的影响.结果表明,温度的提高使Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的固定率都有一定的提高;加入10%的玻璃粉使各种重金属的固定率都有显著提高,只有Zn例外;对Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni,空气冷却方式下的重金属固定率比水冷方式下的高.     

单芯铜线过电流故障电弧熔痕的微观特征研究*

为准确认定电气火灾中过电流故障,模拟4~7倍额定电流（Ie）条件下单芯铜导线过电流故障,利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析过电流故障电弧熔痕的组织特征,并结合Image-Pro Plus软件测定晶粒直径、周长和面积,探究金相组织的量化判据和变化规律。结果表明:当I＝4Ie时,过电流故障电弧熔痕的金相组织主要为方向性较强的树枝晶;当I＝5Ie,6Ie时,金相组织内树枝晶占比减小,胞状晶占比升高;当I＝7Ie时,方向性较弱的胞状晶占主导。随着电流增加,晶粒的平均直径、周长和面积均呈增长趋势。通过火灾案例分析可知,实验结果与现场的电弧熔痕组织特征基本相符,验证火灾事故原因为过电流故障。     

Multi-step approach for comparing the local air pollution contributions of conventional and innovative MSW thermo-chemical treatments

In the sector of municipal solid waste management the debate on the performances of conventional and novel thermo-chemical technologies is still relevant. When a plant must be constructed, decision makers often select a technology prior to analyzing the local environmental impact of the available options, as this type of study is generally developed when the design of the plant has been carried out. Additionally, in the literature there is a lack of comparative analyses of the contributions to local air pollution from different technologies. The present study offers a multi-step approach, based on pollutant emission factors and atmospheric dilution coefficients, for a local comparative analysis. With this approach it is possible to check if some assumptions related to the advantages of the novel thermochemical technologies, in terms of local direct impact on air quality, can be applied to municipal solid waste treatment. The selected processes concern combustion, gasification and pyrolysis, alone or in combination. The pollutants considered are both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic. A case study is presented concerning the location of a plant in an alpine region and its contribution to the local air pollution. Results show that differences among technologies are less than expected. Performances of each technology are discussed in details.     

中频熔炼炉测温仪电磁兼容设计与研究

中频熔炼炉测温仪工作在较强电磁场的环境中,对其电磁兼容设计是十分必要的。首先介绍了测温仪的抗干扰总体设计原理,给出了产生电磁干扰因素,提出了测温仪的各种抗电磁干扰措施,如屏蔽技术、接地与滤波技术等。实践表明,以上的各种措施提高了中频熔炼炉测温仪的电磁兼容性能。     

HMX与低熔点含能材料混合物的热安定性研究

目的 研究环四亚甲基四硝胺(HMX)与2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)、2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)、3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)3种低熔点、高挥发性含能材料混合后的热安定性及相关性质.方法 将HMX与3种低熔点含能材料按照质量比1:1进行混合,采用动态测压热分析法(DPTA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)...     

辅助燃料对垃圾熔融炉炉温影响的分析研究

文章计算了在不同焦炭加入量及不同焦炭和煤的配比条件下处理城市生活垃圾时气化熔融炉的炉温。计算结果表明,用焚烧法处理重庆市的生活垃圾时,在常温鼓风条件下,要使垃圾灰渣完全熔融,焦炭配比至少应在42％以上;在一定的条件下,可以用煤部分或全部代替焦炭,同时配以高温鼓风,可使炉温达到并超过垃圾灰渣的熔融温度,从而使得垃圾灰渣熔融。