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541.
椰糠生物炭对热区双季稻田N2O和CH4排放的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
基于稻菜轮作模式,选择海南双季稻田为对象进行氧化亚氮(N2O)和甲烷(CH4)排放的原位监测,探究椰糠生物炭对该系统稻田温室气体排放的影响.试验设当地常规施肥对照(CON)、氮肥配施20 t·hm-2生物炭(B1)、氮肥配施40 t·hm-2生物炭(B2)及不施氮对照(CK)4个处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法监测整个水稻种植季稻田N2O和CH4排放,并估算增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI).结果表明,早稻季N2O排放动态与土壤矿质氮含量密切相关,排放集中在水稻苗期与分蘖期施肥后,各处理早稻季N2O累积排放量为0.18~0.76 kg·hm-2,相较于CON处理,生物炭处理减排18%~43%,其中B2处理达显著水平;生物炭可能通过促进N2O的还原减少早稻苗期N2O排放;提高土壤硝态氮含量而增加了早稻分蘖期N2O排放.晚稻季N2O排放集中在抽穗期和成熟期,累积排放量为0.17~0.34 kg·hm-2,B1处理减排37%,B2增加3%,差异均不显著.稻田CH4排放高峰出现在早稻季后期与晚稻季前期.各处理早稻季CH4累积排放量为3.11~14.87 kg·hm-2,CK较CON处理增排39%,生物炭处理可能提高土壤通气性限制早稻季产CH4能力,B1和B2处理分别较CON减排28%和71%;晚稻季CH4累积排放量为53.1~146.3 kg·hm-2,排放动态与NH4+-N含量极显著正相关,CK和B1分别较CON处理增加52%和99%,B2处理显著增加176% CH4排放.早稻季B1和B2处理较CON分别增产12.0%和14.3%,晚稻季分别增产7.6%和0.4%.由于晚稻季甲烷排放的增加,施用生物炭增加了双季稻田总增温潜势(GWP),其中高量生物炭达显著水平;不同施用量生物炭对双季稻田温室气体排放强度(GHGI)无显著影响.椰糠生物炭在热区稻田温室气体减排方面的应用仍需进一步研究. 相似文献
542.
Background monitoring and long-range transport of atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 at Kosan, Korea 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kim J Oh SN Cho HM Park MK Kim KR Elkins JW 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,70(1-2):47-56
The background concentrations of atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12were monitored to assess their impact on stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming from September 1995 to March 1999 at Kosan, Korea, located at eastern margin of the Asian Continent. The concentrations of atmospheric CFC-11 at Kosan have decreased slightly, at a rate of –2.5 pptv yr-1, over the period in response to the Montreal Protocol. The CFC-12 mixing ratio at Kosan continues to increase in the atmosphere at a rate of 5.7 pptv yr-1 despite international regulations, because of its extreme atmosphere persistence. Recent trends ofthese two chlorofluorocarbons at Kosan, Korea were concordant with those of the northern hemispheric background monitored unitat Mauna Loa, Hawaii. The maximum seasonal mean mixing ratios of CFC-11 and CFC-12 at Kosan, Korea, were 270±4 pptv inthe spring and 538±9 pptv in the winter, and the corresponding seasonal minima were 267±7 and 529±12 pptv. This occurred in the summer and was due to southeasterlywinds from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. By performing a three-day isentropic backward trajectory analysis, it was shownthat air masses at Kosan, and with the exception of summer, mainly originated from central and northern China. In particular, the mixing ratios of these two contaminant speciesare closely related with their air mass trajectories. 相似文献
543.
Jufeng Zheng Xuhui Zhang Lianqing Li Pingjiu Zhang Genxing Pan 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,120(2-4):129-138
Impacts of nutrient management on C mineralization and greenhouse gas (GHGs) emission from soils have been of much concern in global change. Using laboratory incubation, the production of CH4 and CO2 were studied from both bulk samples and the particle size fractions (PSF) of topsoil from a paddy under a long-term different fertilization trial (including non (NF), chemical without (CF) and with manure (CFM) fertilization, respectively) in the Tai Lake Region, China. Four PSFs (2000–200, 200–20, 20–2, <2 μm) were separated from undisturbed samples collected after rice harvest by a low-energy ultrasonic dispersion procedure. Both the bulk samples and PSFs were incubated under submerged condition for 72 days. The concentration of CH4 and CO2 evolved during incubation were determined by gas chromatography. C mineralization rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.52 mg C g−1 C day−1, with different fertilizations and size of the PSFs, and were not correlated with C/N ratio. While CO2 production predominated over CH4 from C mineralization from both bulk samples and the size fractions, CH4 production played a predominant role in the total global warming potential (GWP) under all treatments. C mineralization of bulk soil was significantly higher under CF than under CFM and NF. CH4 production, however, was 3 times as under CFM and 27 times as under NF, indicating a tremendous effect of chemical fertilization alone on the total GWP. CO2 production from the PSFs differed from CH4 under a single treatment, which was notably from the coarse PSFs larger than 200 μm. Higher C mineralization and CH4 production with a higher metabolic quotient under CF implicated a vulnerability of soil functioning of GHGs mitigation in the paddy receiving chemical fertilizers only. Thus, rational organic amendments should be undertaken for mitigating the climate change. 相似文献
544.