Development of a theoretical framework for the evaluation of risk connected to accidental oxygen releases

A short-cut methodology for a fast estimation of hazards from oxygen releases and the evaluation of safety distances is presented. Starting from a historical survey on accidents involving oxygen releases and consequent scenarios, the approach includes analytical models for the quantification of incremental hazards due to oxygen releases, in non-obstructed areas, both for continuous and nearly instantaneous scenarios, adopting a simple Gaussian dispersion model. An example of the application of the model in a real case-study and relevant quantitative results are presented.     

多种有毒易燃气体并存的预警监测监控系统——在“北京染料厂示范工程”中的应用

讨论了监测监控预警系统的工作原理 ,说明了系统软件的功能和作用。该系统采用分布式监测监控技术 ,具有完善的远程数据处理、记录功能 ,对恶劣的作业环境更加适应。系统还具有各种数据库、事故处理方案、监测气体泄漏扩散计算模型等重要功能。这些功能对提高安全管理和安全生产水平 ,也具有较大的意义。     

中国危险废物管理现状研究

分析了我国危险废物的产生特点,概述了我国危险废物管理法规体系,以及目前国内危险废物管理的研究情况,指出我国危险废物管理中存在的问题,并提出相应的对策。     

危险废物集中焚烧处置设施设计技术要求研究

危险废物集中焚烧处置是我国危险废物处置的最主要和最直接的方式之一。本文结合我国目前危险废物集中焚烧处置设施建设和设计现状 ,以及我国危险废物处置设施建设规划 ,在对危险废物集中焚烧处置设施设计所涉及的关键技术环节进行分析的基础上 ,提出了相应的设计技术要求     

Exposure to hazardous air pollutants along Oba Akran road, Lagos-Nigeria

We measured toxic air pollutants along Oba Akran road in Lagos to evaluate pedestrian exposure. PM₁₀, CO, O₃, NO₂, SO₂, CH₄, noise, wind velocity and temperature were measured simultaneously with portable analyzers. Our results showed that pedestrian exposure to PM₁₀ (with an average of 274.6 μg m⁻³ for all samples) and CO (with an average of 19.27 ppm for all samples) was relatively high. CO is a traffic-related pollutant, so the influence of the local traffic emissions on CO levels is strong. The high concentration of the PM₁₀ measured at the three environments also suggests that the traffic is a major source of ultrafine particles. The overall average concentrations for the 72-day experimental period for SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ are 101.2, 62.5 and 0.32 ppb respectively, all of which are below the US national ambient air quality standards. Strong traffic impacts can be observed from the concentrations of some of these pollutants measured in these three environments. Most clear is a reflection of diesel truck traffic activity rich in black carbon concentrations. The diurnal variation of O₃ and NO₂ also showed that NO₂ was depleted by photochemically formed O₃ during the day and replenished at night as O₃ was destroyed. A multivariate statistical analysis (Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis) has been applied to a set of data in order to determine the contribution of different sources. It was found that the main principal components, extracted from the air pollution data, were related to gasoline combustion, oil combustion and ozone interactions.     

On the process and implications of drawing up and running a security plan according to ADR in an SME-type company

This paper is specifically related to the provisions of the European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Chapter 1.10, introduced in 2005 as a result of a recognized terrorist threat (the potential misuse of hazardous goods as a weapon), prescribing a Security Plan to be elaborated. The paper outlines the process of drawing up, implementing and running a Security Plan in an anonymous, but typical, SME company in Slovenia, involved in the storage and distribution of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and technical gases, considering the provisions set out and the available guidelines. Selected examples of the approaches and issues related to the implementation process are briefly demonstrated, e.g., the risk-assessment results with the anticipated development of the incident events, followed by general examples on personnel authorities and the responsibilities imposed, and similar. The process revealed some critical points and limitations in the expectations. For example, in a typical SME it is difficult to nominate independent representatives who are free of production-related work priorities (as their primary role) for the enforcement, evaluation and testing of the security measures introduced (which is usually their secondary role).     

Trends of hazardous material accidents (HMAs) during highway transportation from 2013 to 2018 in China

Statistical analysis of hazardous material accidents (HMAs) in China from 20013 to 2018 related to characteristics and consequences is discussed in this study, revealing different time volatility, spatial distribution and accident consequence features. Yearly, monthly, weekly and hourly levels of HMAs are analysed, and the corresponding factors are discussed. The trends of HMAs are affected by different factors, such as efforts toward safety-specific rectification by the government, holidays, five-day workweek systems and daily traffic peaks. The spatial distribution trends indicate that highway transportation of hazardous materials is mostly short-distance transport. The accidents that occurred on normal road sections account for 82.76% of the total HMAs during transportation. Leaking accidents caused by HMAs account for 79.35% of the total accidents. Countermeasures focusing on improving highway transportation safety for hazardous materials are recommended.     

变电站内危险废物临时贮存现状及设计探讨

变电站内主要危险废物为废矿物油、含矿物油废物,以及废铅酸蓄电池。结合危险废物临时贮存管理要求,分析了变电站内危险废物贮存现状及存在的环保问题。从环境保护角度提出了危险废物临时贮存设施事故油池、危废贮存间设计建议。     

危险废物焚烧处置设施性能测试技术研究

危险废物集中焚烧处置是我国危险废物处置的最主要和最直接的方式之一。性能测试是检验危险废物焚烧处置设施能否达到正式运行要求的第一步,是保障焚烧处置设施安全稳定运行的必要手段,是颁发危险废物经营许可证的技术支撑。本文从标准废物选择及配置、性能测试指标体系建立、性能测试条件确定、性能测试监测技术研究、性能测试报告编制等方面开展适合我国国情的性能测试技术研究。     

危废填埋项目环境水文地质勘查与分析

文中以宿迁市某危废填埋项目为例,采用水文地质调查、抽水试验、渗水试验等多种水文地质勘查方法,查明了评价区内的环境水文地质条件与特征,获得了预测评价所需的水文地质参数,为地下水环境影响评价提供了基础资料,也作为类似工程的场地环境水文地质勘查工作的参考。