活性炭/H2O2催化氧化-絮凝法预处理化工有机废水

用活性炭作催化剂、H2O2作氧化剂催化氧化预处理高浓度化工有机废水,考察了各种因素对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,在H2O2加入量为0．8mL／L、活性炭与H2O2质量比为0．7、废水pH为4的条件下,反应120min后,调废水pH至8,加入絮凝剂聚合氯化铝进行絮凝沉淀,废水COD去除率达70％以上,色度去除率达80％以上。通过色谱-质谱仪对处理前后废水中的有机物进行分析,初步探讨了活性炭／H2O2催化氧化-絮凝法预处理化工有机废水的作用机理。     

Simultaneous removal of CO2, NOx and SOx using single stage absorption column

Capturing flue gases often require multiple stages of scrubbing, increasing the capital and operating costs. So far, no attempt has been made to study the absorption characteristics of all the three gases (NO, SO₂ and CO₂) in a single stage absorption unit at alkaline pH conditions. We have attempted to capture all the three gases with a single wet scrubbing column. The absorption of all three gases with sodium carbonate solution promoted with oxidizers was investigated in a tall absorption column. The absorbance was found to be 100% for CO₂, 30% for NO and 95% for SO₂ respectively. The capture efficiency of sodium carbonate solution was increased by 40% for CO₂ loading, with the addition of oxidizer. Absorption kinetics and reaction pathways of all the three gases were discussed individually in detail.     

超声波预处理对厌氧生物制氢的可行性探讨

由于能实现废弃物资源化,减少环境污染,制取清洁能源氢气,生物厌氧发酵制氢技术日益受到人们关注。在众多废水生化预处理技术中,超声波技术拥有高效氧化、焚烧、超临界氧化的特点,而且超声波操作简单,对设备的要求不高。本文阐述了厌氧发酵生物制氢的菌种来源、产氢机理及超声波技术在废水处理方面的应用。同时探讨了超声波预处理猪场废水对提高厌氧发酵生物产氢量的可行性,提出了优化性建议。     

大庆石化空气污染区树木叶片内蛋白质、核酸、游离氨基酸及过氧化物酶同工酶含量的变化

石化空气污染区树木叶片内的蛋白质、核酸、游离氨基酸及过氧化物酶同工酶含量较对照区有明显的变化,变化 幅度小的树木的抗污染能力强,变化幅度大的抗污能力弱。其中蛋白质、核酸含量表现出降低,游离氨基酸和过氧化物酶同工酶含量升高。供试的几种绿化树木抗污能力由强至弱依次为云杉、旱垂柳、中东杨、白榆、丁香、白蜡槭。     

磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液调控下白菜对钼矿区重金属污染土壤的修复

采用ICP-AES分析土壤及植物体中各种重金属元素的含量,研究了在磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液在其不同浓度梯度下投加,白菜地上部分对钼矿区重金属污染土壤的修复潜力。结果表明:投加磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液的条件下均能显著提高白菜的地上部分富集土壤中重金属元素的能力(Cd除外),但缓冲溶液对白菜积累重金属能力的促进作用也存在重金属元素种类及浓度梯度之间的差异;投加磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液可以提高白菜对土壤中重金属的富集系数(Hg、Mo、Zn最为显著)。     

Estimating source strengths of HCl and SO2 emissions in the flue gas from waste incineration

HCl and SO_2 emission is one of the major concerns related to municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI). In this study, a material flow analysis model was developed to estimate the HCl and SO_2 concentrations in the MSWI flue gases(FGs), and their concentrations in the full-scale MSWI were monitored. The calculated concentrations of HCl and SO_2 in the FG were 770–1300 mg/Nm~3 and 150–640 mg/Nm~3, respectively, in close agreement with the monitored values. More than 99% of Cl and 92% of S from the FG were captured into solid residues by the air pollution control(APC) systems. Moreover, since only 48.4%–67.5% of Cl and 21.3%–53.4% of S were transferred to the FG from the municipal solid waste(MSW), it was more reliable to estimate the source strengths and release amounts of HCl and SO_2 in the FG based on the amounts of Cl and S in the APC residues(AR) and exhaust gas rather than in the MSW. This simple method is easily applicable and the estimated results could provide scientific basis for the appropriate design and operation of the APC systems as well as corrosion control of heat recovery systems.