基于正交试验的煤矿安全开采充填材料配比优化研究

针对目前我国"三下"压煤的现状,以及煤矿固体废弃物以煤矸石、粉煤灰为主的情况,结合岱庄煤矿膏体充填工程实践,以水泥为胶结料,煤矸石和粉煤灰为粗细骨料,运用正交试验的方法定量确定了水泥、粉煤灰和煤矸石不同配比和膏体浓度对煤矸石膏体充填各性能指标的敏感程度,以及各指标随各因素的变化趋势。结果表明:提高水泥掺量可以缩短膏体的凝结时间并提高膏体的强度;膏体的塌落度即流动性主要通过调节其浓度来实现;加入适量的粉煤灰可以提高膏体的流动性,但随着粉煤灰的增多,分层度和泌水率都有所增加。当水泥∶粉煤灰∶煤矸石为1∶2.22∶4.44,浓度为75%时,充填膏体的可泵性和强度都达到最佳,充填效果显著,有助于煤矿安全开采。     

Revealing the effect of preparation parameters on zeolite adsorption performance for low and medium concentrations of ammonium

The effect of preparation parameters on the performance of zeolite for ammonium(20–300 mg N/L) adsorption from simulated wastewater is reported. It was found that the ratios of Na_2O/SiO_2 and Si/Al had a more important influence than crystallization time on zeolite adsorption properties. Relatively low Na_2O/SiO_2 ratios were beneficial for fabrication of zeolites with high proportions of micropore area and volume, which led to the surface adsorption mechanism being dominated by surface free energy and pore effects. However,with decreasing Si/Al ratios, the effect of ion-exchange was more prominent due to the high negative surface potential of zeolite. In addition, the concentration of weak acid sites on the zeolites was increased with lower ratios of Na_2O/SiO_2 and Si/Al, which may promote ammonium removal. Therefore, the most effective zeolite for ammonium removal, which was fabricated at Na_2O/SiO_2= 1.375, Si/Al = 4 and crystallization time of 48 hr, exhibited the cooperative effects of adsorption, ion-exchange and a large amount of weak acid sites. The maximum ammonium adsorption capacity(35.06 ± 0.98 mg/g) and the removal efficiency(94.44% ± 4.00%) were obtained at the dosage of 4.0 g/L zeolite NaX at ammonium concentrations of 300 mg N/L and 20 mg N/L, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetics models provided excellent fitting for the ammonium adsorption process. In addition, zeolite NaX showed about 1.23–3.2 times the ammonium adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite. The stable and efficient reusability of zeolite NaX after five regeneration cycles demonstrated that this adsorbent has considerable potential for practical industrial applications.     

Developing China's roadmap for air quality improvement: A review on technology development and future prospects

Air pollution control policies in China have been experiencing profound changes, highlighting a strategic transformation from total pollutant emission control to air quality improvement, along with the shifting targets starting from acid rain and NO_x emissions to PM_2.5 pollution, and then the emerging O₃ challenges. The marvelous achievements have been made with the dramatic decrease of SO₂ emission and fundamental improvement of PM_2.5 concentration. Despite these achievements, China has proposed Beautiful China target through 2035 and the goal of 2030 carbon peak and 2060 carbon neutrality, which impose stricter requirements on air quality and synergistic mitigation with Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Against this background, an integrated multi-objective and multi-benefit roadmap is required to provide decision support for China's long-term air quality improvement strategy. This paper systematically reviews the technical system for developing the air quality improvement roadmap, which was integrated from the research output of China's National Key R&D Program for Research on Atmospheric Pollution Factors and Control Technologies (hereafter Special NKP), covering mid- and long-term air quality target setting techniques, quantitative analysis techniques for emission reduction targets corresponding to air quality targets, and pathway optimization techniques for realizing reduction targets. The experience and lessons derived from the reviews have implications for the reformation of China's air quality improvement roadmap in facing challenges of synergistic mitigation of PM_2.5 and O₃, and the coupling with climate change mitigation.     

GSK-XGBoost模型在井底风温预测中的应用*

为防治矿井热害,针对矿井井底风温在预测过程中精度较低的问题,提出1种网格搜索法结合K折交叉验证优化XGBoost的预测模型。通过分析确定影响井底风温的主要因素,使用网格搜索算法结合K折交叉验证,进行迭代缩小搜索范围并调参,选取最优参数配置,实现对XGBoost模型的优化,得到预测结果并与其他模型进行比较。研究结果表明:初始参数经优化后,当最大回归树深度为3且学习速率为0.1时,XGBoost回归模型性能最佳,与随机森林模型、BP神经网络模型、T-S模糊神经网络模型相比,平均相对误差分别降低了2.12%,0.88%,0.3%,均方根误差分别降低了0.66,0.24,0.11 ℃。     

反渗透预处理技术探讨

反渗透是当今先进的水处理技术，为了满足反渗透膜对水质的要求，原水进入膜之前必须进行妥善的预处理，本文详细探讨了反渗透装置之前的各种预处理技术，并对其存在问题提出了优化思路。     

常德市土地利用结构优化研究

通过对常德市土地资源的基本特征，土地利用结构现状特点及存在的主要问题的分析，提出了优化常德市土地利用结构的对策。     

森林资源-环境-经济复合大系统可持续发展优化模型及其应用

运用系统工程方法和大系统理论，分析区域性森林资源-环境-经济复合大系统（FREES）的结构与原理。在可持续发展的总体要求下，将森林资源、森林环境和林业经济三个子系统作为一个有机整体，构建基于ε-约束法的多目标优化模型，以及包含各子系统的目标函数模型、约束条件模型和关联模型在内的FREES大系统分解-协调优化模型。然后，将该模型用于江苏省FREES可持续发展优化问题，得出了具有实际指导意义的最优方案。     

Optimal Design Methods for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

Renewable and hybrid energy systems (HESs) are expanding due to environmental concerns of climate change, air pollution, and depleting fossil fuels. Moreover, HESs can be cost effective in comparison with conventional power plants. This article reviews current methods for designing optimal HESs. The survey shows these systems are often developed on a medium scale in remote areas and stand-alone, but there is a global growing interest for larger scale deployments that are grid connected. Examples of HESs are PV–wind–battery and PV–diesel–battery. PV and wind energy sources are the most widely adopted. Diesel and batteries are often used but hydrogen is increasing as a clean energy carrier. The design of an efficient HES is challenging because HES models are nonlinear, non-convex, and composed of mixed-type variables that cannot be solved by traditional optimization methods. Alternatively, two types of approaches are typically used for designing optimal HESs: simulation-based optimization and metaheuristic optimization methods. Simulation-based optimization methods are limited in view of human intervention that makes them tedious, time consuming, and error prone. Metaheuristics are more efficient because they can handle automatically a range of complexities. In particular, multi-objective optimization (MOO) metaheuristics are the most appropriate for optimal HES because HES models involve multiple objectives at the same time such as cost, performance, supply/demand management, grid limitations, and so forth. This article shows that the energy research community has not fully utilized state-of-the-art MOO metaheuristics. More recent MOO metaheuristics could be used such as robust optimization and interactive optimization.     

长沙市产业园区优化整合研究

产业园区作为产业发展的载体,是区域经济发展、产业调整升级的重要空间集聚形式.由于缺乏正确引导,长沙市产业园区出现了产业同构、园区特色不鲜明、土地利用效率低下、园区功能分区不合理、园区发展参差不齐等问题.以此为研究对象,从园区等级、空间和产业三大方面提岀优化整合策略,为长沙市产业园区发展提供参考.     

基于缩比模型的导管架平台外加电流阴极保护系统优化设计

目的研究远地式辅助阳极发生电流单元的改变和距离平台的相对位置对平台电位分布及保护程度的影响。方法以位于渤海湾JZ120-1在役导管架平台为原型,构建了一个1∶20的缩比模型。在平台底部一定距离处放置一座远地式辅助阳极,研究恒电流下辅助阳极与平台底部间距和辅助阳极发生电流单元的改变对平台电位分布及其保护程度的影响。结果单座远地阳极即可实现对整座平台的腐蚀控制。辅助阳极距离平台越远,平台表面电位差越小,电位分布越均匀;辅助阳极距离平台越近,单支阳极较四支阳极保护下的平台表面电位差越大,距离越远,电位差越小,距离相同时,4支阳极较单支阳极保护下的平台表面电位差小,电位分布更均匀。尽管海水稀释20倍,钙质沉积层的沉积与覆盖仍是影响平台表面电位分布的重要因素。结论辅助阳极发生电流单元的数量、距离平台的相对位置以及钙质沉积层的覆盖是影响平台表面电位分布和保护程度的重要因素。