基于空气质量模式和数学规划模型的城市PM2.5达标策略——以临汾为例

为了改善城市空气质量,降低PM_2.5浓度,需要制定科学的控制策略,同时兼顾污染物减排量与减排成本效益.本文基于区域大气环境模型RegAEMS与数学规划模型,采用多目标遗传算法,探究城市大气PM_2.5污染的最优控制策略,并应用于临汾市（14类行业源、17个区域源）的PM_2.5浓度达标规划,实现污染物排放量最大和减排成本最小的双目标优化.结果表明,在PM_2.5平均浓度近200 μg/m³的重污染天气条件下,为达到PM_2.5浓度目标（75μg/m³）,临汾市最大污染物允许排放量为356.7t/d,最小减排成本为3.36亿元.NO_x、SO₂、NH₃、VOCs和一次颗粒物的减排量分别为98.1,49.9,44.3,155.7和105.5t/d,减排成本分别为11.7,6.8,6.2,5.5和3.5千万元.对VOCs、NO_x、PM_2.5、NH₃和SO₂减排潜力最大的行业分别为焦化源、移动源、扬尘源、农业源和民用燃烧源,分别占所有行业5种污染物减排量的21.6%、14.1%、11%、8.6%和3.8%.钢铁行业的减排成本最高（39%）;襄汾县的减排量最大,减排成本最高（达7218万元）.     

基于XGBoost算法的WRF-Chem模式优化模拟

采用人工智能算法XGBoost结合大气化学模式WRF-Chem,利用北京地区大气污染物的模拟结果及站点监测数据,构建XGBoost统计预报算法模型,并对两种大气污染物（PM_2.5和O₃）进行优化模拟,同时分析其特征贡献要素.结果表明,该统计预报模型能够很好地优化大气化学模式模拟的大气污染物浓度,降低模拟误差,对于北京地区站点模拟浓度优化呈现出城区>近郊>远郊的优化特点,且算法模型对O₃浓度优化程度更高,优化后相关系数提高达128%.此外,通过特征要素的贡献量分析表明,CO是影响O₃优化的重要特征变量,城郊区特征贡献得分均高达1000以上,Q2（近地面2m比湿）是影响PM_2.5优化的重要气象特征变量,城郊区特征贡献得分分别为950和824.     

数值模拟减压集流式可渗透反应墙技术修复地下水

使用可渗透反应墙（PRB）技术修复受污染地下水,当地下水污染羽宽度和深度过大时,PRB的开挖、填料与安装成本较高.为打破PRB技术这一局限性,开发了减压集流式可渗透反应墙技术,通过集流井、输水管道和布水廊道的共同作用缩小污染羽范围并将受污染地下水输送至PRB,通过非完整井减压吸水方式捕获较深的受污染地下水.首先采用地下水井流公式计算减压集流井的关键初始参数,随后进行数值模拟优化参数并确定其它重要参数.在MODFLOW中通过改变减压集流井的井径、井数量、井间距及井与PRB的距离等参数,探究不同参数变化对减压集流效果的影响规律.模拟结果表明在合理的减压集流参数设置下,该设施可有效调控PRB上游的地下水流场,缩小污染羽的范围,在设定条件下受污染地下水断面减小了约50%.该技术显著降低了PRB的规模,拓宽了PRB的应用范围,使其可以处理污染羽范围较大、污染深度大的地下水.     

基于人工免疫的柔性EMI滤波器自动进化设计研究

针对电力电子系统的EMI滤波器设计中的问题,开展基于神经网络和遗传算法的柔性滤波器电路自动进化设计研究,综合多项EMI滤波器设计目标进行自动优化设计,并在实际应用中实现了柔性滤波器这一目标。     

Spatial Variation and Space Optimization of the Development of China’s Circular Economy

Abstract

China’s circular economy is still at the initial stage, whose development has many difficulties and problems requiring immediate resolution theoretically and practically. Due to the differences of regions on the scale of land, endowment of resources, economic basis and cultural background, the developmental levels and capabilities of circular economy are inevitably different. Based on establishing the indicator system for assessing the developmental level of regional circular economy, spatial variation of China’s circular economy is measured by the quantitative measurement using principal component analysis, and the existing problems are also analyzed and discussed. On one hand, the differences of the development capability of the circular economy of different provinces (cities) are profound in China; Difference between the first category (strong) and the second category (relatively strong) is 1.1264 points. Difference between the second category and the third category (relatively weak) is 0.3867 points. Difference between the third category and the fourth category (weak) is 1.0238 points. Difference between the first category and the fourth category reaches up to 2.0869 points. Average difference between the area where the developmental level of circular economy is relatively strong and the area where the developmental level of circular economy is relatively weak is 1.3617 points. The differences of the distribution of the areas, with different development capability of circular economy, which are located in the three economic regions of China, are also profound. The regions with a relatively strong development capability of circular economy are mainly located in the eastern economic area, which account for 22.58% of the whole regions, while only account for 12.90% in the middle and western economic areas. On the contrary, the regions with a relatively weak development capability of circular economy account for 48.39% in the middle and western area, while account for 16.13% in the eastern area. On the other hand, among regions with different development capability of circular economy, the regions with a relatively weak development capability of circular economy are in a dominant position, which account for 64.52% of all the provinces (cities), which indicates that the development of the China’s circular economy still has a long way to go. Though certain achievements have been made in the development of China’s circular economy, in general, there are still some obstacles to be tacked in the development of China’s circular economy which require the economic, legal and administrative methods.     

河南省地表水环境监测断面优化的原则及其运用

提出和运用了地表水环境监测断面优化的原则,包括网络功能专一化、分类有序优化、监测断面高效、监测断面与监测频率同时优化、监测断面分级管理等。     

反渗透预处理技术探讨

反渗透是当今先进的水处理技术，为了满足反渗透膜对水质的要求，原水进入膜之前必须进行妥善的预处理，本文详细探讨了反渗透装置之前的各种预处理技术，并对其存在问题提出了优化思路。     

异丙醇与丙酸酐酯化反应的安全控制条件

针对异丙醇与丙酸酐酯化合成丙酸异丙酯工艺的反应失控危险性,利用泄放尺寸实验仪(VSP2)研究了其反应的放热特性,选择自催化模式模拟得到了反应动力学参数,并与实验数据进行了对比验证;利用得到动力学模型,模拟了该工艺在半间歇模式、反应温度为70℃时,中试规模(＞ 100L)条件下的反应特点,分析了反应失控的危险性,并针对加料程序进行了优化设计,得到最佳控制方法.     

烟气循环流化床（CFB-FGD）干法脱硫优化调整

本文分析了烟气循环流化床工艺的运行调节原理,针对电厂自身的特点,对吸收塔进出口烟温差及床层压降参数进行调整,提高了烟气循环流化床系统运行的经济性.最后根据此实践提出了系统运行中优化调整的可行性.     

Safety lessons and reflections following incinerator vent commissioning in a chemical plant; a case study of a complex socio-technical system

In a bulk chemical plant producing resins, a flashback from an incinerator through the vent system into the reactor hall occurred during commissioning of a newly installed vent header system. The original design of the vent header system was seriously flawed not being in line with current practice. Subsequently the vent header was re-designed into a rich/lean vent header system. This paper explores the reasons behind a number of incidents and near misses that occurred during both the commissioning of a vent header system and its recommissioning following system re-design. Furthermore, it reflects on some broader implications for approaches to safety around what can be recognised as complex socio-technical systems.