基于元胞自动机的复杂建筑物中人员逃生模型研究

针对复杂建筑物中人群安全疏散问题,在原有的元胞自动机行人流模型基础上,利用不同人员行进速度、不同方向行进速度的差异以及疏散连续性等特征优化该模型,使其在模拟逃生规律和疏散时间方面更加合理、可靠。通过多组人群行进速度测定试验,利用曲线拟合方法,获取不同属性人群向不同高度的台阶行进的速度,并制定台阶等级划分规则,优化人员速度计算方法,结合累积位移量,构建复杂建筑元胞自动机模型。利用Matlab软件建立原有疏散模型及复杂建筑元胞自动机模型,分别模拟某海豚表演馆疏散情况。结果表明,复杂建筑元胞自动机模型的模拟数据与实际演习数据相比,在疏散总时间方面存在5%~8%相对偏差,相比原有疏散模型,在模拟复杂建筑疏散问题中更具说服力。     

大型空间桁架天线振动控制及作动器位置优化

目的对在轨大型空间柔性桁架天线结构振动进行主动控制及作动器位置优化。方法采用线性二次型最优控制算法对天线结构进行振动抑制,以系统能量和控制能量的和作为优化性能指标,利用遗传算法对作动器的位置进行优化。结果在优化配置的两个作动器控制作用下,受到激扰的天线结构振动便在10 s内得到良好得抑制,振动幅值减小了一个量级。结论适当地增加作动器数目,恰当地配置作动器的位置能有效抑制柔性天线结构的振动。     

关于总量减排未来发展方向的探讨——以济南市COD减排优化为例

自“十一五”实行总量减排以来,国家和地方均投入了大量资金,用于治理工程的建设,减排效果显著.如何在保证经济社会发展的前提下,实现COD等污染的进一步减排,也是一个丞待研究的课题.然而在各类污染物产排量因经济社会发展而急剧增加的背景下,想要彻底解决环境污染问题,仅依靠工程减排措施恐难以为继.以2014年-2030年济南市COD减排优化研究为例,探讨了未来总量减排的发展方向,并在此基础上,提出未来总量减排的建议.     

矿井通风系统优化调节研究

采用"征求专家评议法"和"相对重要性序列法"确定矿井通风系统的评价指标及其权值,并用多级模糊综合评判法对初拟的矿井通风系统改造方案进行解算,按照最大隶属度法确定最优解,找出最优的矿井通风系统改造方案.为便于分析计算,开发了相应的计算机应用程序,实现了智能化、系统化、信息化矿井通风管理,并以协庄煤矿为例进行了实际应用.     

基于模糊BP神经网络的深基坑支护方案优选

介绍了深基坑支护方案优选模型的建立过程及其实例分析。基于深基坑支护方案优选影响因素的模糊性和因素之间的关联性,笔者将模糊优选理论与神经网络理论相结合,在详细分析深基坑支护方案优选影响因素的基础上,建立了4层深基坑支护方案模糊BP优选神经网络模型,提出了模型参数和方案优选反馈计算的方法。应用该方法对北京市某广场大厦的基坑支护方案进行了分析,实例结果表明,采用该方法所进行的深基坑支护方案优选,获得令人满意的效果,是一种值得推广的方法。     

POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN WATER AVAILABILITY ON AGRICULTURE IN THE TRUCKEE AND CARSON RIVER BASINS,NEVADA, USA1

ABSTRACT: Effects of climate change are likely to be detected in nearly all sectors and regions of the economy, with both winners and losers. One of the consequences of climatic changes could be altered regional water supplies. This paper presents an investigation of regional agricultural implications of changes in water availability. Specifically, using a profit maximization approach, the economic consequences of altered water availability in the Great Basin of Nevada are analyzed in terms of the effects on net returns of agricultural producers. Under the scenarios analyzed in this paper, it is found that with adequate water systems, increase in streamflow and consequent increase in water availability could significantly benefit agricultural producers of this region. Net returns to irrigators could increase by 8 to 13 percent, not taking into account the possibility of changes in crop yields and prices. It is also shown that the benefits from increased water availability are sensitive to likely crop yield and price changes. The potential for adverse effects of climatic changes on water supply is also considered by analyzing the effects of decreased water availability. Under decreased water availability scenarios, farmer net returns decrease substantially.     

COMPROMISE PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING INSTREAM FLOW UNDER MULTIOBJECTIVE WATER ALLOCATION CRITERIA1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a quantitative assessment framework for determining the instream flow under multiobjective water allocation criteria. The Range of Variability Approach (RVA) is employed to evaluate the hydrologic alterations caused by flow diversions, and the resulting degrees of alteration for the 32 Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHAs) are integrated as an overall degree of hydrologic alteration. By including this index in the objective function, it is possible to optimize the water allocation scheme using compromise programming to minimize the hydrologic alteration and water supply shortages. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study of the Kaoping diversion weir in Taiwan. The results indicate that the current release of 9.5 m³/s as a minimum instream flow does not effectively mitigate the highly altered hydrologic regime. Increasing the instream flow would reduce the overall degree of hydrologic alteration; however, this is achieved at the cost of increasing the water supply shortages. The effects on the optimal instream flow of the weighting factors assigned to water supplies and natural flow variations are also investigated. With equal weighting assigned to the multiple objectives, the optimal instream flow of 26 m³/s leads to a less severely altered hydrologic regime, especially for those low‐flow characteristics, thereby providing a better protection of the riverine environment.     

A FRAMEWORK FOR QUANTITATIVE SMART GROWTH IN LAND DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT: Increasing awareness about the problems brought on by urban sprawl has led to proactive measures to guide future development. Such efforts have largely been grouped under the term “Smart Growth.” Although not widely recognized as such, the “smart” in Smart Growth implies an optimization of some quantity or objective while undertaking new forms of urban development. In this study, we define Smart Growth as that development plan that leads to the optimal value of a precisely defined measure identified by a stakeholder or stakeholders. To illustrate a formal, quantitative framework for Smart Growth, this study develops definitions of optimal development from the perspectives of four different types of stakeholders: a government planner, a land developer, a hydrologist, and a conservationist subject to certain development constraints. Four different objective functions are posed that are consistent with each of these stakeholders’perspectives. We illustrate the differences in consequences on future development given these different objective functions in a stylized representation for Montgomery County, Maryland. Solutions to Smart Growth from the individual perspectives vary considerably. Tradeoff tables are presented that illustrate the consequences experienced by each stakeholder depending on the viewpoint that has been optimized. Although couched in the context of an illustrative example, this study emphasizes the need to apply rigorous, quantitative tools in a meaningful framework to address Smart Growth. The result is a tool that a range of parties can use to plan future development in ways that are environmentally and fiscally responsible and economically viable.     

基于通路法的通风网络最大流求解方法

最大流问题属于网络优化的范畴 ,在通风系统改造等方面具有重要作用 ,为此 ,笔者对网络最大流的算法进行了研究和探讨。利用图论和集合论的知识 ,结合通风网络特点 ,对通风网络最大流问题进行了深入研究 ,提出适合求解通风网络最大流问题的通路法。用通路法求解通风网络最大流时 ,用节点邻接矩阵 ,通过矩阵运算确定通路 ;通过对最小可增广通路 ,依次进行增广求得最大流 ,该方法简便快捷 ,易于程序实现。与Edmonds Karp修正算法相比 ,通路法具有运算量小的优点 ;与Dinic算法相比 ,通路法具有无需分层和无需确定向前边、后退边的优点。通路法对教学和科研具有重要意义和实用价值     

MODELING AND CONTROL OF THE POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS VIA MULTILEVEL APPROACH1

ABSTRACT. The problem of modeling and control of water pollution is considered. A general mathematical model, where the pollution effluent is discharged directly into the river, into the lake, or into a bypass pipe leading to an advanced Waste Water Treatment (AWT) plant, is developed. The Water Resource System (WRS) under consideration is decomposed into N subsystems. The pollution effluent input vector to each subsystem includes the water quantity and different water characteristics such as BOD, DO, pH, conductivity, temperature, algae, phosphates, nitrates, etc. Treatment cost functions and quality transition functions as well as system model constraints are introduced, where all functions can be nonlinear. A system Lagrangian is formed to incorporate the system constraints and coupling. The Lagrangian is decomposed into N independent subsystems, and a two level optimization methodology is introduced. Each subsystem is independently and separately minimized at the first level assuming known Lagrange multipliers. At the second level, the total Lagrangian is maximized with respect to the Lagrange multipliers using optimal values for effluent inputs from all subsystems obtained from the first level. Economic interpretation on the Lagrange multipliers reveals that they are merely prices imposed by the central authority (second level) for the pollution caused by the subsystems. Advantages of the multilevel approach are discussed.