关于建立工业企业环境行为信息公开化制度的几个问题

阐述了工业企业地为信息公开化制度在中国环境管理和政策创新中的重要意义和作用，对工业企业环境行为信息公开化内容、指标体系和标准等进行了分析，并结合镇江市的经济、社会和环境状况作实例分析，提出了进一步完善该制度的建议。     

高效石油降解微生物堆制法处理油污土壤

采用高效石油降解菌复合堆制法来处理油污土壤(土样1和土样2),对过程中的基本参数如温度、pH和水分进行适时的调控;定期分析添加的高效石油降解菌菌数变化以及总油含量变化,结果表明这种堆制方式对油污土壤的修复作用十分明显,扣除其他因素的影响,生物修复的去除率分别为42.9%和44.3%。     

浦东新区工业结构的多目标优化研究

从经验和环境协调发展角度出发，用改进的多目标规划法研究浦东新区工业结构优化调整。以１９８９年为基准年，根据该年资料选取经济和环境影响较显著的十三个主要待业的产值为决策变量，设定调整目标，建立规划模型，并按照污染量增加率的不同设计方案。经过计算机数学模拟，提出既满足经济要求，又使污染量增加率尽可能降低的优化方案，将工业结构调整与污染控制结合起来，确定２０００年规划年份的浦东新区工业结构优化。     

气相色谱法分离测定工业废气中乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、甲苯的方法研究

研究了用气相色谱法分离测定工业废气中乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、甲苯含量，进行了各种色谱条件选择、精密度、样品回收率、方法检出限及样品稳定性实验．     

污泥生物处理技术在长江大保护中的应用前景

污泥是污水处理的副产物,是污水处理过程的延续和必然要求.截至2017年,长江经济带11省市污泥产量接近2 000×104 t/a,大量污泥没有得到妥善处置,严重制约着“长江水质根本好转”目标的实现.厌氧消化与好氧发酵是两种主流的污泥生物处理技术,都已有广泛的应用案例,但是也存在运营不畅的现象.为识别长江大保护中污泥生物处理项目的问题并提出解决方案,分析了长江经济带的污泥产率及性质,梳理了污泥生物处理技术的发展及适用性.结果表明:长江经济带各省市污泥产量约占全国污泥产量的40%,污泥产率普遍低于全国平均水平,长江经济带各省市污泥有机质含量低于55%,pH为中性、总养分含量超过5.0%、重金属含量存在超过GB 4284—2018《农用污泥污染物控制标准》标准限值的风险;高级厌氧消化、协同厌氧消化和高含固厌氧消化等技术的发展破解了由于长江经济带污泥有机质含量普遍较低而导致的污泥厌氧消化稳定性低的问题,降低了污泥厌氧消化工程的成本;污泥好氧发酵过程重金属钝化技术的发展在一定程度上破解了由于长江经济带污泥重金属含量过高而导致的污泥发酵产物出路不畅的问题.研究显示,污泥生物处理技术仍具有一定的局限性,但通过合适的规划,污泥生物处理技术可与其他污泥处理处置技术高效耦合,具有广泛应用于长江大保护污泥处理处置项目的潜力.      

微生物发酵菌和生物质炭及蘑菇渣对污泥堆肥效果的影响

为解决污泥的处理处置难题,实现污泥减量化、无害化和资源化,在污泥中添加蘑菇渣、微生物发酵菌和生物质炭等辅料,进行共堆肥试验,设置T1（不添加辅料）、T2（添加30%的园林枯枝）、T3（添加20%的园林枯枝、9.9%的蘑菇渣和0.1%的微生物发酵菌）、T4（添加20%的园林枯枝和10%的生物质炭）,以及T5（添加20%的园林枯枝、4.9%的蘑菇渣、0.1%的微生物发酵菌和5%的酸化生物质炭）5个好氧堆肥处理,考察各处理堆肥过程中温度变化、肥料的理化特性以及GI（发芽指数）.结果显示:①T5处理的效果最好,堆肥至第3天,堆体温度达到70.5℃,并且温度不低于50℃的时间达到19 d. ②T5处理肥料的w（TKN）（TKN为总凯氏氮）、w（TP）和w（TK）均最高,分别达到3.88、0.64和1.10 g/kg,远高于其他4个处理;产品的GI随堆肥时间的延长逐渐增长,达到183%. ③T5处理的NH₃排放最少,氮元素流失最低,能最大程度的转化成固化无机氮;残渣态重金属含量最高,不易浸出到环境中进入生态系统,生物毒性低.研究显示,蘑菇渣、微生物发酵菌和生物质炭能够促进污泥的腐熟,减少二次污染的产生,产品质量较好.      

Characteristics of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from industrial grade biomass boilers

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are carcinogenic or mutagenic and are important toxic pollutants in the flue gas of boilers. Two industrial grade biomass boilers were selected to investigate the characteristics of particulate-bound PAHs: one biomass boiler retro-fitted from an oil boiler(BB1) and one specially designed(BB2) biomass boiler. One coal-fired boiler was also selected for comparison. By using a dilution tunnel system, particulate samples from boilers were collected and 10 PAH species were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS). The total emission factors(EFs) of PAHs ranged from 0.0064 to0.0380 mg/kg, with an average of 0.0225 mg/kg, for the biomass boiler emission samples. The total PAH EFs for the tested coal-fired boiler were 1.8 times lower than the average value of the biomass boilers. The PAH diagnostic ratios for wood pellets and straw pellets were similar.The ratio of indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene/[indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene + benzo(g,h,i)perylene] for the two biomass boilers was lower than those of the reference data for other burning devices, which can probably be used as an indicator to distinguish the emission of biomass boilers from that of industrial coal-fired boilers and residential stoves. The toxic potential of the emission from wood pellet burning was higher than that from straw pellet burning, however both of them were much lower than residential stove exhausts.     

SVM application in hazard assessment: Self-heating for sulfurized rust

In order to assess the oxidation self-heating hazard of sulfurized rust, for particular ambient conditions in crude oil tanks, the support vector machine (SVM) technique is applied to predict the maximum temperature (T_max) of oxidation self-heating process. Five governing parameters are selected, i.e. the water content, mass of sulfurized rust, operating temperature, air flow rate and oxygen concentration in the respiratory/safety valve. The efficiency and validity of the SVM predictions are investigated in the case of two sets of data: more than 85 experiments performed in academic lab (China) and almost 17 additional results collected from existing literature. Two main steps are also discussed: the training process (on selected subsets of data) and prediction process (for the remaining subsets of data). It can be concluded that for both datasets the maximum temperature (T_max) values calculated by SVM technique were in good accordance with the experimental results, with relative errors smaller than 15% except for a few cases.The SVM technique seems therefore to be relevant and very helpful for complex implicit processes such as chemical reactions, as it is the case of the oxidation of sulfurized rust in oil tanks. Furthermore, such predictive methods can be continuously be improved through additional experiments feedback (larger databases) and can then be of crucial help for monitoring and early warning of hazardous reactions.     

改性活性炭催化臭氧深度处理化工废水的研究

采用非均相催化臭氧氧化工艺深度处理化工废水二级生化出水,探索负载不同活性组分的活性炭催化剂及该工艺处理化工废水的影响因素。结果表明:当进水COD为85~110 mg/L,臭氧投加量为60 mg/L,催化剂投加量为200 mg/L Cr时,臭氧氧化、ACCA-1、ACCA-2和ACCA-3催化臭氧氧化对出水COD的平均去除率分别为22.46%、32.7%、40.5%和35.7%,3种催化剂均可强化臭氧氧化效果。活性炭催化剂能提高臭氧利用率,叔丁醇对ACCA-2抑制效果最明显。     

基于无线通讯技术的起重机抬吊同步控制系统改进

本文介绍了基于无线工业以太网通讯的可编程同步检测系统结构和设计方法、同步功能的检测原理及实现方法、调试和操作方法。通过在控制系统中加入信号反馈,将两台起重机的控制执行器信号和末端机械传动的差异值进行反馈跟踪,组成具有反馈功能的抬吊控制系统,在监測到执行器异步或末端传动异步现象时及时控制两车同步停止,从而避免吊物坠落等吊运事故的发生。