Benefits of supplementing an industrial waste anaerobic digester with energy crops for increased biogas production

Currently, there is increasing competition for waste as feedstock for the growing number of biogas plants. This has led to fluctuation in feedstock supply and biogas plants being operated below maximum capacity. The feasibility of supplementing a protein/lipid-rich industrial waste (pig manure, slaughterhouse waste, food processing and poultry waste) mesophilic anaerobic digester with carbohydrate-rich energy crops (hemp, maize and triticale) was therefore studied in laboratory scale batch and continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) with a view to scale-up to a commercial biogas process. Co-digesting industrial waste and crops led to significant improvement in methane yield per ton of feedstock and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio as compared to digestion of the industrial waste alone. Biogas production from crops in combination with industrial waste also avoids the need for micronutrients normally required in crop digestion. The batch co-digestion methane yields were used to predict co-digestion methane yield in full scale operation. This was done based on the ratio of methane yields observed for laboratory batch and CSTR experiments compared to full scale CSTR digestion of industrial waste. The economy of crop-based biogas production is limited under Swedish conditions; therefore, adding crops to existing industrial waste digestion could be a viable alternative to ensure a constant/reliable supply of feedstock to the anaerobic digester.     

Strategies for sustainable development of industrial park in Ulsan,South Korea—From spontaneous evolution to systematic expansion of industrial symbiosis

The Korea National Cleaner Production Center (KNCPC) affiliated to the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) has started a 15 year, 3-phase EIP master plan with the support of Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy (MOCIE). A total of 6 industrial parks, including industrial parks in Ulsan city, known as the industrial capital of South Korea, are planning projects to find the feasibility of shifting existing industrial parks to eco-industrial parks. The basic survey shows that Ulsan industrial complex has been continuously evolving from conventional industrial complexes to eco-industrial parks by spontaneous industrial symbiosis. This paper describes the Korean national policies and the developmental activities of this vision to drive the global trend of innovation for converting the existing industrial parks to eco-industrial parks through inter-industry waste, energy, and material exchange in Ulsan Industrial complexes. In addition, the primary and supportive components of the Ulsan EIP pilot project, which will be implemented for 5 years is elaborated with its schedules and economic benefits.     

接种白腐菌堆肥修复五氯酚污染的土壤

采用4组堆肥装置A、B、C、D,分别往五氯酚污染土壤中不加外来菌、加入固定化黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)、加入游离黄孢原毛平革菌及暴露在空气中不做任何处理.对其进行对比研究,探讨了利用堆肥的方法对五氯酚污染土壤进行生物修复的可行性.结果说明,添加黄孢原毛平革菌进行堆肥修复其效果要好于不加菌的效果,经过60d的堆肥,PCP基本得到降解,降解率都达到了94%以上,其中固定化菌又优于游离菌,固定化菌在第9d对PCP的降解率就达到了50%.此外,通过分析种子发芽率,有机质,微生物量碳等多项指标可以看出各组堆肥的腐熟情况都比较理想,为黄孢原毛平革菌降解五氯酚的过程提供了良好的外部环境,使土壤修复与堆肥能较好地结合起来.     

半透膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术应用现状综述

膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术是近年来有机质好氧处理方式的研究热点,该技术主要由膜覆盖系统、微压送风系统和控制系统组成.膜盖层是由两层高品质抗紫外线布层和一层聚四氟乙烯半透膜组成的3层材料,具有耐水透气的优点,既能阻隔外界环境使堆体不受雨雪天气影响,又能减少臭气的挥发,使堆体达到封闭发酵的环境条件.本文介绍了膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术的特点及优缺点,阐述了国内外膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术的研究进展和应用现状,分析了我国在膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术领域研究的不足之处,并指出未来应加深对堆肥全过程的工艺过程控制研究,拓展膜覆盖的应用范围,用于畜禽粪便、餐厨垃圾等其它有机垃圾处理领域.     

高质量发展新形势下的现有水价制度分析——以某工业园区为例

企业用水、排水量巨大,排水污染成分复杂.在高质量发展新形势要求下现行的水价标准和水环境持续改善目标之间存在不匹配现象.该研究通过问卷调研获得一手数据,运用水平衡模型计算了目标工业园区内企业的真实用水和排水量,并就两档水资源费和污水处理费情境下企业的承受能力进行了分析讨论.结果表明,工业园区企业存在着私自取水和偷排废水情...     

城市生活垃圾堆肥技术与市场的协同发展

本文对城市生活垃圾堆肥技术推广运用涉及的技术、市场、规模、产品、经营、环境保护和政策等问题进行了讨论。     

双碳目标下工业园区绿色发展路径研究

工业园区是中国工业产业、人才和先进要素集聚发展的核心单元,也是能源消耗和碳排放最集中的地区之一。双碳(碳达峰和碳中和)目标下,各类工业园区将在双碳战略实践中发挥至关重要的作用。分析了工业园区碳排放特征,构建碳排放识别模型,利用系数法、宏观和微观结合的方法核算工业园区碳排放数据;应用Kaya恒等式、改进可拓展的随机性的环境影响评估模型(STIRPAT)、对数平均权重分配模型(LMDI),分析了工业园区碳排放的主要影响因素和低碳发展思路;应用能源环境情景分析模型(LEAP)规划工业园区绿色发展路径,为工业园区碳达峰与碳中和行动提供技术支持。     

污泥堆肥及其土地利用全过程的温室气体与氨气排放特征

目前我国污泥堆肥及其土地利用全过程的温室气体(N2O、CH4)与氨气(NH3)排放数据极其缺乏,难以满足温室气体减排和氮素保存的需求.本研究通过原位观测,首次开展污泥堆肥及其土地利用全过程温室气体和氨气排放特征的研究.结果表明,基于机械翻堆条垛(turning windrow,TW)工艺的全过程温室气体排放因子(eCO2/干污泥,196.21 kg·t-1)是基于强制通风+机械翻堆条垛(aerated turning pile,ATP)工艺的1.61倍.N2O主要来自土地利用过程,CH4主要来自堆肥过程.ATP工艺的温室气体排放当量(eCO2/干污泥,12.47 kg·t-1)远低于TW工艺(eCO2/干污泥,86.84 kg·t-1).TW工艺的氨气排放因子(NH3/干污泥,6.86 kg·t-1)略高于ATP工艺(NH3/干污泥,6.63 kg·t-1).NH3是全过程最主要的N素损失形式,其中TW和ATP堆肥工艺因NH3排放造成的氮素损失相当,均约占堆料TN损失量的30%.而N2O和CH4带来的N、C元素的损失可以忽略不计.这些结果表明ATP是一种环境友好的污泥堆肥工艺.     

冬季污泥堆肥过程温室气体排放特征

污泥堆肥处理是一种简便高效的污泥稳定化技术,但堆肥过程产生的温室气体也引起了国内外的广泛关注,我国关于污泥堆肥,特别是低温环境下的堆肥温室气体排放特征研究和基础数据还很缺乏.本实验采用城市脱水污泥,考察低温环境条件下不同调理剂混合污泥堆肥过程中温室气体的排放特征.结果表明,低温环境条件下污泥堆肥能够顺利进行,但高温期持续时间相对较短而腐熟期温度降低过快.木屑处理的总氮损失低于秸秆处理,然而温室气体总排放当量却高于秸秆处理,木屑和秸秆处理总的CO2排放当量(以干污泥计)分别为169.45 kg·t~(-1)、133.13 kg·t~(-1).木屑与秸秆CH_4累积排放量(以干污泥计)分别为0.648 kg·t~(-1)、0.689 kg·t~(-1),N_2O累积排放量(以干污泥计)分别为0.486 kg·t~(-1)、0.365 kg·t~(-1).CH_4的排放75%以上集中在堆肥前2周,而N_2O则90%以上出现在后腐熟期.整体而言,冬季堆肥高温期持续时间相对较短而腐熟期温度低,出现CH_4排放量相对较低而N_2O较高的现象,CH_4排放量均低于IPCC推荐值,N_2O则均高于IPCC推荐值.因此针对低温环境堆肥工艺,温室气体的减排应重点关注堆肥后期N_2O排放的降低策略.     

辽宁省土壤污染概况及污染防治技术需求

基于对辽宁省土壤环境的总体状况归纳及描述,提出适合城市工业污染场地、大型矿区污染土壤、地下水及污灌区农田污染土壤的修复技术重点及方向建议。文章提出,突破有机物热脱附、重金属固化/稳定化、淋洗、微生物降解、植物萃取、风险削减、农艺调控等关键技术,形成具有自主知识产权的集成技术体系,建立土壤环境监管大数据平台,对辽宁及东北地区的污染场地/土壤治理具有重要意义。