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11.
试验了烧碱法草浆黑液中,钠在厌氧过程中的抑制特性。研究表明,钠盐抑制作用强度为:氯化钠>木素钠>硫酸钠>硅酸钠。相对产甲烷率PM(I)和钠浓度I的关系,可用PM(I)=[1+(I/Ki)^a]^-1拟合,污泥经过驯化,对钠的耐受能力可提高。 相似文献
12.
研究构建了2组表流人工湿地模拟系统和3组潜流人工湿地模拟系统,种植菖蒲、芦苇,在平均进水COD、TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N浓度分别为110、21、6、9以及6 mg/L,进水流速为42 m L/min,水力停留时间为6 h的条件下,研究典型内分泌物双酚A(BPA)和2,4-二氯苯酚在浓度为2 mg/L时对人工湿地的运行效果影响。结果表明,两种内分泌干扰物对人工湿地的污染物去除均有抑制作用。在COD去除上,两种内分泌干扰物对表流人工湿地的负面影响要高于潜流人工湿地。在各类N元素的去除上,在潜流人工湿地中,添加BPA的负面影响要高于添加2,4-二氯苯酚。 相似文献
13.
Searching for new organophosphorus compounds with minimum effects on acetylcholinesterase of non-target organism especially mammals has gained an increased attention in the public concern. In this effort, the effects of some recently introduced O-ethyl phosphoramidates and benzo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholenes on rat acetylcholinesterase in different tissues have been evaluated in vivo and compared with the effects of fenitrothion, a commercial pesticide with reported moderate toxicity to mammals. The tested compounds were introduced orally in a single dose of 85?mg/kg body weight. Results indicated that the tested phosphoramidates lowered the enzyme activity to 54–69, 36–71 and 70–76% of its normal activity in serum, liver and brain, respectively. Meanwhile, the enzyme activity was depressed by fenitrothion to 11, 2 and 11% in the mentioned organs respectively. The lower anticholinesterase activity of the examined phosphoramidates than that of fenitrothion was attributed to their low hydrophobicity and low electrophilicity of their phosphorus atom, which reduces their interaction with the enzyme active site. 相似文献
14.
Erik Nordell Anna B. Hansson Martin Karlsson 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(12):2659-2663
Protein and fat rich slaughterhouse waste is a very attractive waste stream for the production of biogas because of the high biochemical methane potential of the substrate. The material has however some drawbacks as the sole material for biogas production due to the production of several process disturbing metabolites such as ammonia, sulfides and long chain fatty acids. We can in this work present results that show that zeolites have the potential to relieve inhibitory stress from the presence of long chain fatty acids. Moreover, the results strongly indicate that it is mainly acetic acid consumers that are most negatively affected by long chain fatty acids and that the mechanism of stress relief is an adsorption of long chain fatty acids to the zeolites. In addition to this, it is shown that the effect is immediate and that only a small amount of zeolites is necessary to cancel the inhibitory effect of long chain fatty acids. 相似文献
15.
In northeastern America, thousands of kilometers of utility rights-of-way (ROWs) have to be managed to prevent the establishment of a tall vegetation cover that does not comply with safety and maintenance regulations. Recent decades have seen the emergence of ecologically based vegetation control strategies to reduce environmental impacts as well as maintenance costs. One such strategy is to take advantage of competitive herbaceous covers to limit tree invasion. This approach, however, as well as its fundamental underlying principles, has been little scrutinized. In this article, (1) we present the main ecological concepts supporting the use of a herbaceous cover to limit tree invasion, emphasizing naturally forested ecosystems of northeastern America. They include reported evidence of stable plant communities and an overview of potential underlying mechanisms of inhibition. (2) We then review field applications, specifically testing the ability of seeded herbaceous covers to control tree invasion in ROWs. (3) We discuss unresolved issues relevant to management and research. The available evidence suggests that seeding herbaceous covers in ROWs can help control tree invasion, but many issues still limit broad-scale applications. The various interactions that govern plant community dynamics are far from being fully understood, so selecting species still largely depends on an empirical approach. Patterns of resistance to tree invasion must be investigated over a wide range of spatial, historical, and environmental contexts to determine effective management and seeding practices that will lead to broad-scale applications. We suggest establishing communities rather than single dominant species and using as much as possible native species to limit risks of invasion.Published online 相似文献
16.
Experiments were carried out to determine the feasibility of treating tannery wastewater containing chromium, an inhibiting compound, with sequencing batch reactors (SBR). The maximum chromium concentration tolerated by microorganisms was determined through aerobic and anoxic batch experiments, and the biomass inhibition process was analyzed in a lab scale reactor at increasing chromium concentrations. The results obtained, in batch experiments and in the SBR reactor, have demonstrated that chromium addition had less influence on the denitrification bacteria than on the nitrification bacteria. In addition, it was observed that nitrification and denitrification rates, at the same chromium concentration, were higher in the SBR reactor than in batch experiments with unacclimated biomass. Experimental results confirm that sequencing batch reactors are able to produce a more resistant biomass, which acclimates quickly to inhibiting conditions. A large amount of chromium was found in the sludge from the reactor, while the effluent was devoid of the inhibiting metal. 相似文献
17.
Prevention and suppression of explosions in gas-air and dust-air mixtures using powder aerosol-inhibitor 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The prevention and suppression of explosions is a very topical field of research because annually hundreds of coal mine workers became their victims. In this research a very effective powder “powder for suppression of explosions” (“PSE”) for the suppression of explosions has been developed and tested. The experiments on suppression of explosions of a methane–air mixture (MAM) at a laboratory conditions using “PSE”-powder have been carried out. The possibility of lowering the power of coal-dust explosion with the help of a “PSE”-powder has been investigated. The feasibility of almost instantaneous disperse of powders using intentionally created mini-explosions (ammonal) was investigated. The barrel-suppressor of explosion in the experimental adit (tunnel) was studied and the large-scale tests for suppression of MAM-explosions in experimental adit were also subjects of study. 相似文献
18.
Jinjin Fu Quan Zhang Baocheng Huang Niansi Fan Rencun Jin 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(1):17
19.
20.
Linn Solli Ove Bergersen Roald Sørheim Tormod Briseid 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(8):1553-1559
This study examined the effects of an increased load of nitrogen-rich organic material on anaerobic digestion and methane production. Co-digestion of fish waste silage (FWS) and cow manure (CM) was studied in two parallel laboratory-scale (8 L effective volume) semi-continuous stirred tank reactors (designated R1 and R2). A reactor fed with CM only (R0) was used as control. The reactors were operated in the mesophilic range (37 °C) with a hydraulic retention time of 30 days, and the entire experiment lasted for 450 days. The rate of organic loading was raised by increasing the content of FWS in the feed stock. During the experiment, the amount (volume%) of FWS was increased stepwise in the following order: 3% – 6% – 13% – 16%, and 19%. Measurements of methane production, and analysis of volatile fatty acids, ammonium and pH in the effluents were carried out. The highest methane production from co-digestion of FWS and CM was 0.400 L CH4 gVS?1, obtained during the period with loading of 16% FWS in R2. Compared to anaerobic digestion of CM only, the methane production was increased by 100% at most, when FWS was added to the feed stock. The biogas processes failed in R1 and R2 during the periods, with loadings of 16% and 19% FWS, respectively. In both reactors, the biogas processes failed due to overloading and accumulation of ammonia and volatile fatty acids. 相似文献