内蒙古主要畜牧气象灾害减灾对策研究

针对内蒙古自治区草地畜牧业生产中长期存在的实际问题,从草地雪灾、暴风雪、风冷灾害、旱灾等方面讨论了气象灾害对草地畜牧业生产的影响,并提出了相应的减灾对策,为草原牧区防灾减灾决策提供科学依据。     

Gentrification and housing improvement: the case of Nürnberg

A revival of interest among professional people in central and inner city residence appears to have occurred in West Germany since the late 1970s. In recent years, a selective programme of central area rehabilitation has successfully wedded public and private funding in Nürnberg, with consequent displacement of low‐income tenants. The further spread of upgrading and social change appears to have been halted in parts of the inner city designated as Urban Renewal Areas, where the federal and local authorities are apparently intent on stabilising and improving the much‐neglected housing and environmental conditions of the poorest “guestworker” communities.     

土地利用变化对农业自然灾害灾情的影响机理(一)──基于实地调查与统计资料的分析

上地利用变化不仅影响区域灾情的结构与类型,还深刻影响其灾情程度．本文以处在北方农牧交错带中段、深受旱灾影响的内蒙古乌兰察布盟为案例,基于统计资料及野外调查,剖析了在气候干旱化程度加剧、农作物成灾面积在波动中增大的趋势下,粮食产量在波动中增长的机理．结果表明,在上地利用中,粮食作物种植结构及其面积比例的调整,增强了粮食生产系统抵御农业自然灾害的能力。因此,调整上地利用结构是一种有效的减灾措施．     

Training for jobs

In the past much of the training effort of public agencies was not aimed at specific job vacancies or at areas of skill shortages. In contrast, targeted training aims to provide identified disadvantaged groups with training to enable them to compete for identified job vacancies. This paper looks at the success of targeted training through three examples, at how its effectiveness can be improved, and the role of local government in initiating and developing such training.     

Promoting community economic development: an assessment of an experimental scheme in cleveland

Traditional economic planning policies do not, largely, benefit residents of run‐down inner city neighbourhoods. Planners have therefore begun to look at other ways to improve the economic well‐being of unemployed people in such areas. One such initiative has been the location of Community Employment Development Officers in economically depressed areas by Cleveland County Council — one of Britain's unemployment blackspots. Their remit is to encourage and initiate action to create jobs and this paper looks at the experiment, drawing out some of the lessons.     

Characteristics of Environmental Geochemistry in the Arseniasis Area of the Inner Mongolia of China

In China, endemic arseniasis attributable to the geological-geochemistry environment is mainly found in the plain of the Great Bend of the Yellow River and the Hu-Bao plain in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the Datong basin of Shanxi Province, the floodplain of the northern side of the Tian Mountain of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and in the southwest coastal plain of Taiwan. These areas share many similar characteristics including widespread occurrences, a large population being affected, and the magnitude of risk involved. The population living in these areas is estimated to be around 5.5 × 10⁵, of which of 2.5 × 10⁵ are resident in Inner Mongolia. Based on our systematic research and comparison of various areas, we found the different types of arseniasis are often associated with different regions. The neural arseniasis is distributed in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Shanxi Province, caused by inorganic arsenic in drinking water while the cycling-obstacle arseniasis is mainly found in Inner Mongolia and Taiwan, associated with organic arsenic in water. The distribution of arsenic affected villages in Inner Mongolia exhibits orientation and focus on low-lying land in the subsiding centre of the Great Bend basin, which was enriched with humus in the lake and limnetic deposits. Much CH₄ gas can be detected in the water of shallow and deep wells in these villages. Some of the wells with higher concentrations of CH₄ can even be ignited. This is a typical reductive geochemical environment. We tested the total amount of arsenic (As), As³⁺, and methyl arsenate in all types of water sources. It is found that the number of arseniasis cases is not clearly related to the total amount of arsenic (As) in the water. However, it is related to the ratio of As³⁺ plus methyl arsenic to the total amount of arsenic (As). The higher the ratio, the higher the number of people affected and the more serious the illness. The statistical results also indicate that good drinking water accounts for 60% of the drinking water source while the arsenic contaminated water makes up about 25% of the drinking water in the study area. This research reveals that the local geochemical environment is responsible for the spreading of the endemic arseniasis in the area and thus suggests a new direction of how to prevent such disease.     

内蒙古沿黄地区水资源利用矛盾的主要动因与缓解对策

由于黄河干流径流形势的变化和日益恶化的生态环境,作为黄河流域上游地区的主要灌区和用水量最多的地区之一--内蒙古沿黄地区,水资源与生态环境、经济发展之间的矛盾十分尖锐。论文重点讨论了内蒙古黄河沿岸地区引发黄河水资源利用矛盾的主要动因,认为目前该区水资源与生态、经济之间矛盾的主要自然动因是过境水量的大幅减少,由于水资源利用结构、方式的不合理,水环境的不断恶化以及地方产业经济效率低、城市综合发展功能薄弱等人为因素,加剧了目前的矛盾。为缓解该区水资源利用矛盾,应从改变灌溉方式、适当调整水价、防治水环境污染入手,积极实施制度建设、科技攻关、城市带动和生态恢复等策略。     

内蒙古有机食品产业发展探讨

内蒙古有着独特的发展有机食品所应当具备的条件和资源,本文介绍了有机食品的概念及发展情况,对内蒙古有机食品产业的发展作出展望和探讨。     

内蒙古宫颈癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素的关系

利用中国癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素的相关性研究成果，研究了内蒙古宫颈癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素：Hg、Pb、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sr、B、Tm、Th、U、Sn、Hf、Bj、Ta、Te、Mo、Br、I等19个元素含量的关系。     

内蒙古达茂旗东毛忽洞金矿成矿特征及找矿方向

内蒙古达茂旗东毛忽洞金矿区内圈出工业矿体4条,产于燕山晚期的流纹斑岩、花岗斑岩内,受东西向东毛忽洞断裂控制。围岩蚀变为硅化、绢云母化、高岭土化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化等;金属矿化为黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化、褐铁矿化、孔雀石化、赤铁矿化等。该蚀变岩型金矿床在东毛忽洞断裂与南北向的次级断裂复合叠加部位,金矿化明显增强,富集成矿。结合东毛忽洞金矿成矿特征,对于本区的金矿的找矿方向进行了探讨。