不同粒径镁铝合金粉尘爆炸与抑爆特性研究

为了研究镁铝合金粉爆炸危险特性,利用20L球形爆炸容器进行测试,结果表明:180目 (80 μm)、 120目(125 μm) 和60目(250 μm)3种粒径下的金属粉尘爆炸下限浓度分别为45 g/m3,55 g/m3和95 g/m3。相同浓度下最大爆炸压力随粒径增大的而减小。以碳化硅和石墨为代表的研究中,60目,120目和180目的镁铝合金粉以10%的浓度梯度加入碳化硅浓度分别至50%,70%和80%,石墨浓度至30%,50%和60%时,镁铝合金粉不会发生爆炸。表明碳化硅及石墨等惰性粉尘都能对粉尘爆炸有抑制作用,其中石墨对镁铝合金粉的抑爆作用明显优于碳化硅。     

空气污染与呼吸系统疾病对儿童肺功能的交互影响

在中国4城市儿童肺功能的队列研究数据基础上,通过3步回归的统计方法,就空气污染和支气管炎或哮喘的交互作用对儿童肺功能的影响进行了研究.结果发现,空气颗粒物与支气管炎或哮喘等呼吸系统疾病对儿童肺功能有不利影响,而儿童在短期内患过支气管炎或哮喘会显著地加重空气颗粒物污染对FVC和FEV1的有害影响,但从长期来看,这种有害影响趋于减弱.对于FEV1/FVC,支气管炎或哮喘与空气颗粒物对肺功能的作用是独立的.与气态污染物相比,颗粒物与呼吸系统疾病对儿童肺功能的交互作用更大.     

OPTICAL IMPACTS AND SOURCES OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN ONONDAGA CREEK,U.S.A.1

ABSTRACT: The degradation of the optical aesthetics in the mouth of Onondaga Creek, New York, that occurs during high flow periods as a result of the influx of large quantities of suspended solids, is documented. Features of the degradation include very low clarity (Secchi disc minimum of approximately 0.1 m) and a brown ‘muddy’ appearance. The reduced clarity is mostly a result of increased light scattering. Loading and concentration profiles obtained for an approximately 35 km interval above the creek mouth over a wide range of flow indicates most of the suspended solids received during runoff events is resuspended stream sediment and eroded bank material. Application of microscopy-based individual particle analysis techniques indicates that the origin of most of these deposits and much of the suspended solids during runoff events is point source inputs, termed ‘mud boils,’ located approximately 32 km upstream of the creek mouth.     

RATES OF RECENT SEDIMENTATION IN LAKE PEPIN1

ABSTRACT: Sedimentation rates since 1954 in Lake Pepin, as determined from the content of fallout cesium-137 in the sediment profile, have exceeded 2.5 cm/yr in the upper part of the lake. These rates, although somewhat less than those of the previous half century (1895–1954), are sufficiently large that the upstream portion of Lake Pepin is threatened with conversion to a marsh within a century. The density of the sediments measured increased with depth in the sampled profile from 1.1 to 1.2 g/ml at the sediment surface to 1.4 to 1.5 g/ml at 2- or 3-m depth. There was little or no change in the patterns of textural composition or density of the sediment profile with depth and age over the past 80 to 150 years.     

Multi-criteria PSO-based optimal design of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy systems

ABSTRACT

Human-induced climate change through the over liberation of greenhouse gases, resulting in devastating consequences to the environment, is a concern of considerable global significance which has fuelled the diversification to alternative renewable energy sources. The unpredictable nature of renewable resources is an impediment to developing renewable projects. More reliable, effective, and economically feasible renewable energy systems can be established by consolidating various renewable energy sources such as wind and solar into a hybrid system using batteries or back-up units like conventional energy generators or grids. The precise design of these systems is a critical step toward their effective deployment. An optimal sizing strategy was developed based on a heuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to determine the optimum number and configuration of PV panels, wind turbines, and battery units by minimizing the total system life-cycle cost while maximizing the reliability of the hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) in matching the electricity supply and demand. In addition, by constraining the amount of conventional electricity purchased from the grid, environmental concerns were also considered in the presented method. Various systems with different reliabilities and potential of reducing consumer’s CO₂ emissions were designed and the behavior of the proposed method was comprehensively investigated. An HRES may reduce the annualized cost of energy and carbon footprint significantly.     

RUNOFF,EROSION, AND SOLUTES IN THE LOWER TRUCKEE RIVER,NEVADA, DURING 19691

The Truckee River heads in the Sierra Nevada at Lake Tahoe, and terminates in Pyramid Lake. During the 1969 water year, flow about 9 miles upstream from the mouth (974,000 acre-ft) was almost four times the long-term average, due mainly to heavy winter rains and spring snowmelt. A short period of low-altitude rainfall produced the highest concentrations of suspended sediment, whereas a much longer subsequent period of snowmelt yielded a much greater total quantity of material. The upper 90 percent of the basin yielded about 260 acre-feet (630,000 tons) of sediment at the Nixon gage, whereas an estimated 2,800 acre-feet (6.8 million tons) was contributed by erosion of about 200 acres of river bank below the gage. Solute content at the gage ranged from 80 to 450 mg/l, dominated by calcium, sodium, and bicarbonate, plus silica in the most dilute snowmelt and chloride in the most concentrated low flows. Solute load totaled about 130,000 tons, of which the principal constituents in Pyramid Lake-sodium plus equivalent bicarbonate and chloride-amounted to almost 40,000 tons. The total solute load during a year of average flow may be 45,000-55,000 tons, including 18,000-22,000 tons of principal lake constituents.     

某核废液处理厂的火灾爆炸事故解析(Ⅰ) 核废液的沥青固化处理条件对固化产物中盐粒子的微观构造的影响

设计了一套核废液的沥青固化处理模拟试验装置,对不同固化处理条件下生产的沥青固化物内的混合盐粒子的微观构造、粒径分布等进行了详细探讨.结果表明,固化处理条件的改变对固化产物中的盐粒子的大小及其粒径分布虽无明显的影响,但对其微观构造及比表面积的影响却十分明显.当核废液中含有磷酸盐并且核废液的送料速度较低时,生产的沥青固化物中的混合盐粒子的约70%是由长3-6微米,直径约1微米的针状结晶以架桥形式构成.这样的氧化剂颗粒具有很大的比表面积.     

BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF SACRAMENTO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT OPTIONS1

ABSTRACT: This paper brings together spatially and temporally explicit mechanistic models of hydrodynamic, water quality, and ecological processes with an economic model to examine water management alternatives for California's Sacramento River and Delta ecosystem, a large‐scale watershed. Overallocated water supplies in most years, combined with increasing demand for water for environmental purposes, have created a politically charged atmosphere and a need for quantitative assessment of the implications of policy alternatives. By developing and analyzing a common set of policy scenarios, this integrated framework allows us to consider tradeoffs between agricultural economic factors, water quality, and population dynamics for two at‐risk fish species. We analyze two rather extreme types of policy options; one involves structural modifications to change the flow of water within the watershed but no change in water diversions, while the other reallocates water from agricultural users to fish and wildlife. Results suggest that substantial environmental improvements could be made at a relatively modest cost to farmers (1 to 4 percent reductions in revenues) but that those costs could be significant locally. In addition to tradeoffs between farmers and environmental interests, results suggest that policy makers may need to balance competing environmental objectives.     

毛细渗透法测定固体表面能

根据粒度对固体表面能的影响,选用了毛细渗透法测定固体表面能.详细介绍了毛细渗透法的原理和实验操作步骤.最后得出结论,毛细渗透法测定固体颗粒的表面能,是一种较好的测试方法.     

湿式球磨机石灰石制浆系统的运行调整及问题探讨

探讨了以湖南石门、河南国电濮热、贵州大龙等电厂湿式球磨机运行中的部分调整经验，并对一些影响运行的问题进行分析，以寻求合理的运行方式，实现脱硫系统长周期经济运行。