Role of Acinetobacter sp. in arsenite As(III) oxidation and reducing its mobility in soil

Microbial arsenite oxidation was observed by Acinetobacter sp. XS21, this strain oxidised arsenite As(III) up to 80?mM within 48–72?h of incubation. The present strain XS21 oxidised As(III) at a very high concentration in a shorter interval of time than any of the previous reported microbes. Further, XS21 was applied to the soil to observe its ability in reducing the mobility of As(III), and we found that Acinetobacter sp. XS21 efficiently removed arsenite from soluble-exchangeable fraction and removed 70% of the arsenite as compared to control. This feature makes it a potential candidate for bioremediation. Arsenic-resistant bacteria with strong As(III)-oxidising ability may have potential to improve bioremediation of As(III)-contaminated sites. To understand their basis of resistance and transformation we found the As(III) oxidase gene using degenerate primer and amplified ～550?bp of aioA gene. Amplified aioA gene sequence exhibiting 52% identity in terms of gene and deduced protein sequence to Uncultured bacterium, and Achromobacter sp. arsenite oxidase of larger subunit. Arsenite oxidase, an enzyme, was also observed in this isolate, which may provide a resistance and transforming ability. This bacterium was identified as Acinetobacter sp., by sequencing 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis.     

一株除草剂氰氟草酯降解菌的分离鉴定与降解特性

氰氟草酯(Calofop-buty1)是一种芳氧苯氧羧酸酯类除草剂,其迁移、转化和分解等行为对环境及人类健康具有潜在危害.为了解其微生物代谢机制,从长期使用氰氟草酯的稻田土壤中分离到1株氰氟草酯降解菌株,命名为QDZ-B.菌株QDZ-B的16S rDNA基因序列长度为1 400 bp,在RDP数据库比对结果表明其与寡养食单胞菌属菌株的同源性最近,与模式菌株嗜麦寡养食单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(AB008509)的同源性为99.8%.根据表型特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,将菌株QDZ-B鉴定为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas sp.).接种量为5%时,菌株QDZ-B在基础盐液体培养基中5 d对100 mg L-1氰氟草酯的降解率约为88.2%.菌株QDZ-B的降解效果与接种量成正相关,但接种量大于5%时,降解效率趋于平稳.菌株QDZ-B降解氰氟草酯的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.0.通过质谱分析鉴定了3个菌株QDZ-B降解氰氟草酯的代谢产物,分别为氰氟草酸、氰氟草酰胺和2-氟-3-对-乙氧基苯氧基苯酰胺.