浅谈污泥处置方式及资源化利用

通过污泥的综合利用、填埋、投海等几种主要的污泥处置方式的分析,指出污泥的资源化利用应立足于各地实际,在兼顾环境生态效益、社会效益和经济效益平衡的前提下,选择最佳处置与利用方案。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理技术

城市垃圾渗滤液是一种高浓度、难处理的有机废水，本文综述了城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理技术，并对各种渗滤液处理方案及技术进行了分析。     

城市垃圾卫生填埋场理论容积计算方法

针对常用两种垃圾填埋理论容积计算方法的缺陷，推导出一种新方法，并以实际算例的结果进行分析，得出这三种方法在工程设计中的适用阶段。     

玻璃纤维布负载TiO2膜光催化氧化垃圾渗滤液

本文以钛酸丁酯为原料，通过溶胶-凝胶技术在玻璃纤维布上制备TiO2膜。分别以10w低压汞灯和400w高压汞灯作为光源。对垃圾渗滤液进行了光催化氧化处理。综合分析了影响CODCr去除率及UV335去除率的因素。结果表明，以玻璃纤维布作载体制备的TiO2膜光催化氧化处理垃圾渗滤液具有较好的效果。     

用聚硅酸铁铝对垃圾渗沥液进行预处理的研究

采用一种新型高效的无机高分子混凝剂——聚硅酸铁铝(PSAF)用于垃圾渗沥液亚滤装置的预处理。结果表明，在PSAF的投加量为150mg/L，pH为5．0和沉降时间为60min的条件下，混凝效果最佳，浊度去除率可达92％左右，色废去除率可达91％左右，CODcr去除率可达70％左右。同时探讨了该混凝剂处理垃圾渗沥液的反应机理。     

壳聚糖三元接枝高分子絮凝剂对垃圾渗滤液生化处理出水的絮凝研究

采用壳聚糖三元接枝高分子絮凝剂(CAS)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)、磷酸镁铵沉淀法(MAP法)复配处理中山市老虎坑垃圾渗滤液生化处理出水.絮体粒径分布测试、絮体形态结构分析和Zata电位测定结果表明,CAS与PAC复配,可充分发挥CAS架桥和PAC电荷中和的协同作用,强化混凝过程,使细小的凝聚体形成体积庞大的絮状沉淀物,并在沉降过程中,网捕水体中的胶体颗粒,显著提高混凝效果.CAS和PAC的投加对NH4 -N脱氮的贡献甚微.采用MAP法与CAS、PAC复配,当投加量分别为50mg/LCAS、500 mg/LPAC、856 mg/LMgCl2·6H2O、1509 mg/LNa2HPO4·12H2O时,出水COD、色度分别小于300 mg/L、30倍,NH4 -N降至2 mg/L左右.     

Performance evaluation of microbial fuel cell for landfill leachate treatment: Research updates and synergistic effects of hybrid systems

Over half of century, sanitary landfill was and is still the most economical treatment strategy for solid waste disposal, but the environmental risks associated with the leachate have brought attention of scientists for its proper treatment to avoid surface and ground water deterioration. Most of the treatment technologies are energy-negative and cost intensive processes, which are unable to meet current environmental regulations. There are continuous demands of alternatives concomitant with positive energy and high effluent quality. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were launched in the last two decades as a potential treatment technology with bioelectricity generation accompanied with simultaneous carbon and nutrient removal. This study reviews capability and mechanisms of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal from landfill leachate through MFC technology, as well as summarizes and discusses the recent advances of standalone and hybrid MFCs performances in landfill leachate (LFL) treatment. Recent improvements and synergetic effect of hybrid MFC technology upon the increasing of power densities, organic and nutrient removal, and future challenges were discussed in details.     

Methane oxidation and attenuation of sulphur compounds in landfill top cover systems: Lab-scale tests

In this study,a top cover system is investigated as a control for emissions during the aftercare of new landfills and for old landfills where biogas energy production might not be profitable.Different materials were studied as landfill cover system in lab-scale columns:mechanical–biological pretreated municipal solid waste(MBP);mechanical–biological pretreated biowaste(PB);fine(PBS_f)and coarse(PBS_c)mechanical–biological pretreated mixtures of biowaste and sewage sludge,and natural soil(NS).The effectiveness of these materials in removing methane and sulphur compounds from a gas stream was tested,even coupled with activated carbon membranes.Concentrations of CO_2,CH_4,O_2,N_2,H_2S and mercaptans were analysed at different depths along the columns.Methane degradation was assessed using mass balance and the results were expressed in terms of methane oxidation rate(MOR).The highest maximum and mean MOR were observed for MBP(17.2 g CH_4/m~2/hr and 10.3 g CH_4/m~2/hr,respectively).Similar values were obtained with PB and PBS_c.The lowest values of MOR were obtained for NS(6.7 g CH_4/m~2/hr)and PBS_f(3.6 g CH_4/m~2/hr),which may be due to their low organic content and void index,respectively.Activated membranes with high load capacity did not seem to have an influence on the methane oxidation process:MBP coupled with 220 g/m~2and 360 g/m~2membranes gave maximum MOR of 16.5 g CH_4/m~2/hr and 17.4 g CH_4/m~2/hr,respectively.Activated carbon membranes proved to be very effective on H_2S adsorption.Furthermore,carbonyl sulphide,ethyl mercaptan and isopropyl mercaptan seemed to be easily absorbed by the filling materials.     

A model recycling program for Alabama

Solid waste disposal is becoming a difficult problem for many states. Since 1960, the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been increasing at a rate of 1% per year. More than 75% of the waste is comprised of recyclable materials. Several states have mandated recycling to decrease the volume of waste intended for disposal. Those mandated programs are very popular, but depend on many political, social, and economic factors for success. While Alabama has the manufacturing infrastructure to support a mandated recycling program, no recycling legislation has been promulgated. At this time recycling is only being done on a voluntary basis. A mandatory program with the proper support, education and funding could allow Alabama to recycle much of the 5.2 million tons of waste that are generated within its borders each year.     

垃圾填埋场渗沥液排放标准的讨论

通过垃圾填埋场渗沥液的来源，性质以及对环境的影响等情况和国内对渗沥液的处理技术分析，根据目前处理渗沥液的技术水平，建议制定适当当前保护环境需要的行业排放标准。