多元线性回归pH滴定同时测定垃圾渗滤液中重金属浓度

垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度重金属离子严重抑止了废水生化处理过程中微生物的生长与代谢。通过建立多元线性回归模型,结合pH络合滴定方法,实现了同时测定垃圾渗滤液中络合稳定常数极为接近的多种重金属离子浓度。该方法操作简便,准确可靠,适用于大批量相同组成试样的分析。     

垃圾填埋气中微量挥发性有机物的净化技术

垃圾填埋气中存在的多种微量挥发性有机物(VOCS),既造成二次污染,影响了人类健康;又对填埋气的回收利用产生了不利影响。本文综述了几种VOCS常规净化技术的基本原理、优势及限制,介绍了几种新兴技术,并预期有效的联合工艺是净化填埋气中微量VOCs的研究方向。     

Reactive transport modelling of biogeochemical processes and carbon isotope geochemistry inside a landfill leachate plume

The biogeochemical processes governing leachate attenuation inside a landfill leachate plume (Banisveld, the Netherlands) were revealed and quantified using the 1D reactive transport model PHREEQC-2. Biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was simulated assuming first-order oxidation of two DOC fractions with different reactivity, and was coupled to reductive dissolution of iron oxide. The following secondary geochemical processes were required in the model to match observations: kinetic precipitation of calcite and siderite, cation exchange, proton buffering and degassing. Rate constants for DOC oxidation and carbonate mineral precipitation were determined, and other model parameters were optimized using the nonlinear optimization program PEST by means of matching hydrochemical observations closely (pH, DIC, DOC, Na, K, Ca, Mg, NH4, Fe(II), SO4, Cl, CH4, saturation index of calcite and siderite). The modelling demonstrated the relevance and impact of various secondary geochemical processes on leachate plume evolution. Concomitant precipitation of siderite masked the act of iron reduction. Cation exchange resulted in release of Fe(II) from the pristine anaerobic aquifer to the leachate. Degassing, triggered by elevated CO2 pressures caused by carbonate precipitation and proton buffering at the front of the plume, explained the observed downstream decrease in methane concentration. Simulation of the carbon isotope geochemistry independently supported the proposed reaction network.     

危险废物填埋场渗滤液初始浓度表征模拟研究

渗滤液初始浓度(C0L)是计算填埋场渗漏污染物源强的重要参数之一,由于填埋场构造复杂,其在运行过程中很难获取,因此在计算填埋场环境风险数学的模型常用浸出浓度(CL)代替C0L。本研究以典型危险废物固化飞灰为代表,开展了优势污染物Cr在不同模拟高度(h)土柱和不同浸取剂pH条件下土柱溶出模拟试验研究,通过对比不同时间段内不同体积浸出液中的总Cr浓度(CCr0),定义了表征C0L对应的采样体积数,探讨C0L的影响因素中其与h、pH的相关关系。研究结果表明浸取液的pH在3~7范围内时C0L没有明显规律性,C0L随h增大而增大,并且根据实验数据初步建立了C0L和h、pH之间的简单数学关系模型。     

Effectiveness of aerobic pretreatment of municipal solid waste for accelerating biogas generation during simulated landfilling

Effect of aerobic pretreatment of MSW on landfill gas generation was investigated. Volatile solid (VS) loss of MSW is an effective and comparable indicator. Chinese MSW requires at least a reduction of VS about 27% (w/w) prior to disposal. Aerobic pretreatment of MSW reduced lag phase more than 90% before methanogenesis. Aerobic pretreatment degree influences quantity of gas generation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of aerobic pretreatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) on reducing lag phase and accelerating biogas generation. Aerobic pretreatment degree (APD) was determined on the basis of reduction in volatile solids (VS) on a wet weight basis. In this study, intermittent aeration (IA) was applied to three reactors as a main aeration mode; since a single reactor was operated under continuous aeration mode. However, the purpose of the experiment was to reduce VS content of waste, irrespective of the comparison between aeration modes. Fresh MSW was first pretreated aerobically with different aeration rates (10, 40, 60 and 85 L/min/m³) for the period of 30–50 days, resulting in VS-loss equivalent to 20%, 27%, 38% and 53% on w/w basis for the wastes A1, A2, A3 and A4, respectively. The cumulative biogas production, calculated based on the modified Gompertz model were 384, 195, 353, 215, and 114 L/kg VS for the wastes A0, A1, A2, A3 and A4, respectively. Untreated waste (A0) showed a long lag phase; whereas the lag phases of pretreated MSW were reduced by more than 90%. Aerobically pretreated wastes reached stable methanogenic phase within 41 days compared to 418 days for untreated waste. The waste mass decreased by about 8% to 27% compared to untreated MSW, indicative that even more MSW could be placed in the same landfill. The study confirmed the effectiveness of aerobic pretreatment of MSW prior to landfilling on reducing lag phase and accelerating biogas generation.     

填埋场衬层渗漏的电学法检测研究进展

综述了几种常用的填埋场渗漏检测方法,指出电学法已成为填埋场不同运行阶段（施工期和运营期）渗漏检测的主流方法。分析了各阶段电学检测方法的适用条件和优缺点,在防渗膜铺设阶段,常利用双电极法或电极-偶极子法进行施工完整性检测;在填埋场运营期间,根据场地实际情况可以选择电极格栅法、基于物联网的监测预警云平台、阵列式偶极子法或高密度电法进行膜渗漏检测及长期监测。     

高氨垃圾渗滤液的吹脱条件控制研究

采用吹脱塔处理含有高浓度氨氮的垃圾渗滤液,研究了操作参数的控制对吹脱效率的影响.结果表明,当pH≤11.0时,气水比决定了高径比对吹脱效率的影响,气水比较低时,高径比越小,吹脱效率越高;气水比较高时,高径比越大,吹脱效率越高;当pH过高时,高径比对吹脱效率没有影响.初始pH和温度相互影响,pH越低时,温度对吹脱效率的影响越显著;温度越低时,初始pH对吹脱效率的影响越显著.当pH≥10.4时,出水pH和残余氨氮浓度呈指数关系,可以作为反应吹脱运行状况的指示参数或控制参数.合理控制pH和气水比并实时监控出水pH是获得稳定、经济的吹脱效果的关键.     

国外垃圾填埋场再生及对我国填埋场建设的启示

介绍了国外生活垃圾 (MSW )填埋场再生的状况 ,并结合其再生过程中产生的问题 ,对我国垃圾填埋场现阶段运行和管理中存在的不足 ,提出我国垃圾填埋场填埋过程中应该注意加强的事项。     

城市垃圾填埋场植树造林试验研究

通过在青岛湖岛垃圾场的现场试验,研究了城市垃圾填埋场上植树造林的方法、适宜树种的筛选以及影响树木成活和生长发育的主要因素。结果指出,垃圾中有机质发酵所产生的甲烷气体是抑制树木成活和生长的关键因素。覆土层除为树木提供支持和生存环境外,还能阻挡甲烷气体的逸出,因此,土层越厚,越有利于树木成活和生长。还对18种木本植物对甲烷气体的耐性进行了筛选。      

我国填埋场渗滤液控制现状、问题与解决途径

从地表径流、地下径流、防渗材料与方法、渗滤液收排、地表覆盖层、渗滤液处理技术等方面,对我国填埋场渗滤液技术现状进行了评述,在此基础上分析了存在的主要问题,重点阐述渗滤液产生量过大的原因,最后提出了解决问题的技术途径。