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71.
72.
城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理技术综述 总被引:33,自引:1,他引:33
城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液是城市垃圾在进行卫生填埋处理时 ,垃圾腐化产生的内源水和一些外来水分形成的液体。本文综述了国内外对这类废水的处理研究。 相似文献
73.
Landfill biogas is a potential alternative for fossil fuel,but the containing impurities,volatile methyl siloxanes(simplified as siloxanes),often cause serious problems in gas turbines when applied to generate electricity.In this research,a collecting and analyzing method based on solvent adsorption and purge and trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was established to determine the siloxanes in biogas from a landfill in Jinan,China,and adjacent ambient samples,such as soil,air,and leachate of the landfill.The results showed that,octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(D5) accounted for 63% of total siloxanes;and without considering D4 and D5,the order of detected siloxanes in concentration was found relating to Gibbs free energies of molecules,namely that higher abundant siloxane(except for D4 and D5) usually had lower Gibbs free energy.Additionally,the mass ratio between D4 and octamethyltrisiloxane(L3) in the bio gas varied with different garbage age in landfills,possibly revealing the breaking-down of larger siloxane molecules with time.The samples,which were collected from environmental samples adjacent to the landfill,such as soil,water,and air,presented much higher siloxane level than urban or rural area away from landfills.The current H2 S scrubber of the landfill biogas could decrease the total siloxanes from 10.7 to 5.75 mg/m~3 due to Fe2 O3 and a refrigerant drier in a purification system and cyclic siloxanes were more easily removed than linear ones. 相似文献
74.
为保证南水北调水源地水质安全,该项工程对湖北省郧县境内4个关停搬迁企业原址约16万m3重金属污染土壤进行了修复治理。污染土壤清挖标准为《展览会用地土壤环境质量标准》(HJ350—2007)A级标准,污染土壤无害化处理验收标准为浸出液浓度低于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中IV类水体标准值。工程采用异位稳定化/固化技术对重金属污染土壤进行了无害化处理,所用稳定化/固化药剂为施工单位自主研发的硫系和铁系稳定化药剂;无害化处理后的近20万m3土壤采用安全填埋进行处置。工程的成功实施为南水北调库区水质安全提供了有力保障。 相似文献
75.
76.
The UK Landfill Tax and the related Landfill Tax Credit Scheme have now been in operation since October 1996. There have been a number of reviews to assess its operation and effectiveness that have led to some minor amendments. However, there continue to be concerns about operational weaknesses of the tax and the credit scheme. In particular, there is the risk that the tax may be evaded and there are fears that a lack of transparency and independence may undermine the fundamental principles of the Landfill Tax Credit Scheme. Following a recent report, the Secretary of State for the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions has set up an inquiry. This paper looks at some of the specific concerns that have been raised and the implications for waste management. 相似文献
77.
The present study is an application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to the numerical simulation of landfill aeration systems. Specifically, the CFD algorithms provided by the commercial solver ANSYS Fluent 14.0, combined with an in-house source code developed to modify the main solver, were used. The unsaturated multiphase flow of air and liquid phases and the biochemical processes for aerobic biodegradation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste were simulated taking into consideration their temporal and spatial evolution, as well as complex effects, such as oxygen mass transfer across phases, unsaturated flow effects (capillary suction and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity), temperature variations due to biochemical processes and environmental correction factors for the applied kinetics (Monod and 1st order kinetics). The developed model results were compared with literature experimental data. Also, pilot scale simulations and sensitivity analysis were implemented. Moreover, simulation results of a hypothetical single aeration well were shown, while its zone of influence was estimated using both the pressure and oxygen distribution. Finally, a case study was simulated for a hypothetical landfill aeration system. Both a static (steadily positive or negative relative pressure with time) and a hybrid (following a square wave pattern of positive and negative values of relative pressure with time) scenarios for the aeration wells were examined. The results showed that the present model is capable of simulating landfill aeration and the obtained results were in good agreement with corresponding previous experimental and numerical investigations. 相似文献
78.
E. Safari M. Jalili Ghazizade M.A. Abduli B. Gatmiri 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(8):1408-1415
Performance of compacted clay liners commonly used as landfill barrier systems can be subject to decline in terms of hydraulic conductivity if left exposed to atmospheric conditions for an extended period of time prior to placement of overlaying layers. The resulting desiccation cracking can lead to increased hydraulic conductivity. Desiccation crack intensity was studied for three clayey soils commonly used for construction of landfill barrier system in a relatively large scale test setup exposed to real time atmospheric conditions over a complete annual cycle. A white separator geotextile cover was presumed to be capable of reducing the intensity of desiccation cracking through absorbing and maintaining higher amounts of moisture and reducing the temperature of the soil surface in comparison to a directly exposed soil surface. Desiccation cracking was monitored using a digital imaging technique for three compacted clay liners in two sets, one open to air and the second covered with the white geotextile. Crack intensity factor approached a relatively stable phase after certain cycles corresponding to atmospheric dry wet cycles. The results indicated that the white separator geotextile was capable of reducing the crack intensity factor by 37.4–45.9% throughout the experiment including the cyclic phase of desiccation cracking. During the stable phase, the maximum reduction in crack intensity factor of 90.4% as a result of applying geotextile cover was observed for the soil with the lowest plastic index and clay content and therefore the lowest magnitude of crack intensity factor. The other two soils with similar clay content but different plastic index showed 23.6% and 52.2% reductions in crack intensity factor after cyclic phase when covered with geotextile. 相似文献
79.
In situ aeration by means of the Airflow technology was proposed for landfill conditioning before landfill mining in the framework of a reclamation project in Northern Italy. A 1-year aeration project was carried out on part of the landfill with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of the Airflow technology for landfill aerobization, the evolution of waste biological stability during aeration and the effects on leachate and biogas quality and emissions.The main outcomes of the 1-year aeration project are presented in the paper.The beneficial effect of the aeration on waste biological stability was clear (63% reduction of the respiration index); however, the effectiveness of aeration on the lower part of the landfill is questionable, due to the limited potential for air migration into the leachate saturated layers.During the 1-year in situ aeration project approx. 275 MgC were discharged from the landfill body with the extracted gas, corresponding to 4.6 gC/kgDM. However, due to the presence of anaerobic niches in the aerated landfill, approx. 46% of this amount was extracted as CH4, which is higher than reported in other aeration projects. The O2 conversion quota was lower than reported in other similar projects, mainly due to the higher air flow rates applied.The results obtained enabled valuable recommendations to be made for the subsequent application of the Airflow technology to the whole landfill. 相似文献
80.
M. Barrantes Leiva E. Hosseini Koupaie C. Eskicioglu 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1860-1870
Anaerobic co-digestion of four organic waste streams; a thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) and screen cake (SC) from a fruit-juice/winery wastewater treatment plant along with municipal sludge cake (MC) and landfill leachate (LL) was evaluated. A total of eight semi-continuously-fed single and co-digesters were operated side-by-side at sludge retention times (SRT) of 20 and 10 days. Co-digestion of industrial waste streams (TWAS and SC) with MC and LL resulted in increased operational stability compared to the single digestion of industrial TWAS at the higher organic loading (10 d SRT). Although digester operational temperature had no statistically significant effect on organics removal and biogas production, mesophilic digesters had consistently higher total coliform densities (8838–37,959 most probable number or MPN/g-dry weight) compared to the thermophilic digesters (41–6723 MPN/g-dry weight) at both SRTs. Coliform analysis results also proved that most of the thermophilic digestates could be classified as Class A biosolids according to regulations. Furthermore, addition of industrial TWAS to co-digesters enhanced the dewaterability of the digested streams. A cost-benefit analysis confirmed the benefits and indicated that a full-scale co-digester utilizing all four waste streams can decrease the total capital and operational cost by 22% ($10.52 million). 相似文献